Mitral Stenosis Flashcards
where does the mitral valve lie between
the left atrium and left ventricle
what is the most common age of incidence of mitral stenosis
40-50years
what is the most common cause of MS
rheumatic heart disease
give some less common causes of MS
ageing congenital valve deformity carcinoid syndrome rheumatological disorders amyloidosis
what are the clinical features of MS
symptoms mimic those of LHF
- dyspnoea
- fatigue
strong assoc. with AF
haemoptysis
cor pulmonale
what might you find on examination of a patient with MS
low volume pulse
irregularly irregular pulse
mitral facies (flushed cheeks)
tapping apex beat
what would you hear on auscultation of a MS murmur
loud 1st HS
opening snap
rumbling mid-late diastolic murmur best heard at the apex
what arrhythmia is strongly associated with MS
AF
how do you accentuate a MS murmur
lean the patient to the left, best heard on expiration
what might you see on CXR of a patient with MS
LA enlargement
what might you see on ECF of a patient with MS
AF common
bifid P waves due to LA enlargement
may have right axis deviation if chronic
how do you manage MS
Anticoagulation if AF
Symptomatic relief: diuretics, beta blockers
Surgical valve intervention - PMBC 1st line
what does PMBC stand for
percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy
