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BPT Written > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Lateral spinothalamic tract

A

Ascending pathway
Pain and temperature

PaTeLa

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2
Q

Posterior column

A

Sensory - fine touch, proprioception, vibration

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3
Q

Anterior spinothalamic Tract

A

Ascending pathway

Primarily responsible for coarse touch and pressure

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4
Q

Lateral cerebrospinal tract

A

Descending motor pathway
Begins in the cerebral cortex, decussates in the pyramids of the lower medulla and proceeds down the contra lateral side of the spinal cord
Voluntary movement of limbs

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5
Q

Apomorphine infusion in Parkinson’s

A

Dopamine agonist
Helps smooth out motor fluctuations and dyskinesias

AE: dopamine agonists can cause impulsive behaviour

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6
Q

Horner’s

A

Interruption of the sympathetic innervation of the eye
Partial ptosis
Constricted pupil that responds normally to light
Decreased sweating on affected side

Side of Horners = side of lesion

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7
Q

Medial medullary syndrome

A 
Dejerine Syndrome
Ipsilateral hypoglossal palsy
Contralateral impairment of fine touch, vibrations, proprioception
Contralateral hemiparesis 
Nystagmus
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8
Q

Lateral medullary syndrome

A 
Horner Syndrome
Ipsilateral ataxia
Contralateral impairment of sensation of pain and touch to the body 
Ipsilateral impairment of sensation of pain and touch to the face
Nystagmus 
Ipsilateral hearing loss
Hoarse voice 
Loss of taste
Hiccups
Cardiac arrhythmia
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9
Q

Presentation of carotid artery dissection

A

Ipsilateral cervical pain
Headache
Horner syndrome - caused by compression of the ascending sympathetic supply in the carotid sheath

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10
Q

Features of diabetic mono-neuritis of the eye

A

Unilateral pain, ptosis and diploplia with sparing of pupillary function

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11
Q

History and examination in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

A

Hx: headache, papilloedema, visual loss, pulsatilla tinnitus, overweight females of childbearing age
Ex: papilloedema, visual field loss, 6th nerve palsy
Ix: Normal MRI, elevated opening pressure on LP
Rx: weight loss, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g. acetazolamide), loop diuretics, surgery (if previous fail)

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12
Q

Activation of NMDA receptors?

A

NMDA is a glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells
Activated when glutamate and glycine bind to it

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13
Q

Azithromycin SE

A

Torsades de Pointes
SJS
Ototoxicity
Prolonged QT

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14
Q

Ciprofloxacin SE

A

SJS/TENS
Peripheral neuropathy
C. Diff
Tendon rupture (esp Achilles tendon)

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15
Q

Clindamycin AE

A

C. Diff

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16
Q

Flucloxacillin AE

A

LFT derangement

AIN

17
Q

Nitrofurantoin AE

A 
Peripheral neuropathy 
Hepatotoxicity
Pulmonary toxicity 
SJS
Haemolytic anaemia in G6PD deficiency
18
Q

Carbimazole AE

A

Agranulocytosis

Most likely in first 3 months of treatment

19
Q

Febuxostat MOA

A

Inhibits xanthine oxidase, enzyme responsible for the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid thereby decreasing uric acid

20
Q

Anti-Hu encephalomyelitis

A

Multi focal
Often involve dorsal root ganglia causing a subacute sensory neuropathy
SCLC found in most patients

21
Q

Ma2-associated encephalitis

A

Paraneoplastic - testicular cancer

22
Q

Anti-GABA-A receptor encephalitis

A

Rapidly progressive encephalitis with with refractory seizures, status epliepticus and/or epilepsia partialis continua
CSF - lymphocytic pleocytosis with increased plasma concentration
MRI- multifocal cortical / subcortical and widespread FLAIR and T2 signal abnormalities

23
Q

Anti-MNDA encephalitis

A

Prodromal headache, fever, viral-like illness followed by

  • prominent psych manifestations (anxiety, agitation, hallucinations)
  • Insomnia
  • Memory deficits
  • seizures
  • decreased LOC
  • dyskinesias
  • autonomic instability
  • language dysfunction
24
Q

Anti-Caspr2 associated encephalitis

A

Predominantly men >65 yo
Cognitive changes, cerebellar symptoms, peripheral nerve hyper excitability, autonomic dysfunction, insomnia, neuropathic pain, weight loss

25
Q

Amaurosis Fugax

A

Ipsilateral carotid artery stenosis

26
Q

Type 1 muscle fibres

A 
High capillary density
Low glycolytic activity 
High resistance to fatigue 
Very high mitochondrial density
Slow contraction time
High oxidative capacity 
Suited for activities requiring strength and endurance that depend for energy metabolism on oxidative processes
27
Q

Type 2 muscle fibres

A 
Low capillary density 
High glycolytic activity 
Fairly high to low resistance to fatigue 
High to low mitochondrial density
Fast contraction time
High to low oxidative capacity 
Less suited to continuous types of activity 
More suited to rapid alternating effort

BPT Written (16 decks)

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