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P2 Top 200 > 76-100 Test 1 > Flashcards

76-100 Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Olmesartan

A

Brand: Benicar

MOA: Antagonizes angiotensin receptors, blocking the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone secreting effects of angiotensin II

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 20mg to 40mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Concomitant use of aliskerin in patients with diabetes

BBW:

• Fetal toxicity

Key Points:

 Certain lab tests (K+ and sCr) may be increased and should be checked within 1-2 weeks of starting

 Lightheadedness, dizziness, orthostasis, hypotension

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2
Q

Olmesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Brand: Benicar HCT

MOA: See individual agents

Schedule: legend

Dosing: See Individual Agents

Contraindication(s):

 Concomitant use of aliskerin in patients with diabetes

 Anuria

BBW: • Fetal toxicity

Key Points:

 See Individual Agents

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3
Q

Omega-3 fatty acids

A

Brand: Lovaza

MOA: Reduction in hepatic production of VLDL and a reduction in the hepatic synthesis of triglycerides

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 2g BID or 4g once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Diarrhea

 Nausea/Dyspepsia

 Abdominal Pain

Ensure no seafood allergies

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4
Q

Omeprazole

A

Brand: Prilosec

MOA: Suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibition of the H+/K+-ATPase in the gastric parietal cell

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 20mg to 40mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity to other PPIs

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Headache

 Diarrhea

 Take 30 minutes before food.

May diminish effect of clopidogrel

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5
Q

Ondansetron

A

Brand: Zofran, Zuplenz

MOA: Selective 5-HT3-receptor antagonist Schedule: legend

Dosing:

8mg to 16mg po 30min to 1 hour before therapy

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

 Use with apomorphine

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Headache

 Malaise

 Fatigue

Constipation

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6
Q

Pantoprazole

A

Brand: Protonix

MOA: Suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibition of the H+/K+-ATPase in the gastric parietal cell

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 40mg once daily or BID

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity to other PPIs

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Headache

 Diarrhea

 Take 30 minutes before food.

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7
Q

Pravastatin

A

Brand: Pravachol

MOA: Inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 40mg to 80mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Active liver disease

 Unexplained persistent elevations of transaminases

 Pregnancy and breastfeeding

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Diarrhea

 Muscle pain and weakness

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8
Q

Promethazine

A

Brand: Phenadoz, Phenergan, Promethegan

MOA: Blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic receptors in the brain; exhibits a strong alpha-adrenergic blocking effect and depresses the release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones; competes with histamine for the H1-receptor

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

Allergies, N/V: 12.5mg to 25mg po or PR q HS or q 4 to 6 hours PRN

Motion sickness: 25mg po or PR 30min to 1 hour before departure

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

 treatment of lower respiratory tract symptoms, including asthma

 Children under 2 years old

BBW:

  • Respiratory depression - Pediatrics
  • Severe tissue injury, including gangrene (injection)

Key Points:

 Sedation

 Possible EKG changes

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9
Q

Propranolol

A

Brand: Inderal

MOA: Nonselective beta-adrenergic blocker; competitively blocks response to beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

IR: 80mg to 240mg daily in 2 to 3 evenly divided doses

ER: 80mg to 160mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Uncompensated congestive heart failure

 Severe sinus bradycardia

 Heart block greater than 1st degree

 Bronchial asthma

BBW:

• Cardiac ischemia after abrupt discontinuation (Inderal LA, Inderal XL, Innopran XL)

Key Points:

 Fatigue and Lethargy

 Bradycardia (or rebound tachycardia if stopped abruptly)

 Impotence, Depression/vivid dreams

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10
Q

Rabeprazole

A

Brand: Aciphex

MOA: Suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibition of the H+/K+-ATPase in the gastric parietal cell

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

20mg once daily

H. pylori eradication: 20mg BID

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity to other PPIs

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Headache

 Diarrhea

 Take 30 minutes before food.

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11
Q

Ranitidine

A

Brand: Zantac

MOA: Competitively inhibits histamine at H2 receptors of the gastric parietal cells, which inhibits gastric acid secretion

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 150mg BID or 300mg q HS

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Headache

 Diarrhea

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12
Q

Rivaroxaban

A

Brand: Xarelto

MOA: Inhibits platelet activation and fibrin clot formation via direct, selective and reversible inhibition of free and clot-bound factor Xa

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

AF: 20mg once daily DVT

Prophylaxis: 10mg once daily

DVT Tx/Recurrent Prophylaxis: 20mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

 active pathological bleeding

BBW:

  • Premature discontinuation increases the risk of thrombotic events
  • Spinal/Epidural hematomas

Key Points:

 No routine lab monitoring

 Signs/Symptoms bleeding/clotting

 Missing a single dose increases clotting risk

Take with food for doses 15mg or higher

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13
Q

Rosuvastatin

A

Brand: Crestor

MOA: Inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

10mg to 20mg once daily, may titrate to 40mg/day

Contraindication(s):

 Active liver disease

 Unexplained persistent elevations of transaminases

 Pregnancy and breastfeeding

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Diarrhea

 Muscle pain and weakness

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14
Q

Simvastatin

A

Brand: Zocor

MOA: Inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

5mg to 40mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Active liver disease

 Unexplained persistent elevations of transaminases

 Pregnancy and breastfeeding

 Concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Diarrhea

 Muscle pain and weakness

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15
Q

Simvastatin and Ezetimibe

A

Brand: Vytorin

MOA: See individual agents

Schedule: legend Dosing: See Individual Agents

Contraindication(s):

 Active liver disease

 Unexplained persistent elevations of transaminases

 Pregnancy and breastfeeding

 Concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors

BBW:

• None

Key Points:

 See Individual Agents

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16
Q

Spironolactone

A

Brand: Aldactone

MOA: Competes with aldosterone for receptor sites in the distal renal tubules, increasing sodium chloride and water excretion while conserving potassium and hydrogen ions Blocks the effect of aldosterone on arteriolar smooth muscle

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

25mg to 100mg once daily

HF: Max 50mg/day

Contraindication(s):

 Anuria, or significant impairment of renal excretory function

 hyperkalemia

 Addison Disease

 Concomitant use with eplerenone

BBW:

• Tumorigenic

Key Points:

 Hyperkalemia

 Gynecomastia

17
Q

Triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide (combination)

A

Brand: Dyazide, Maxzide

MOA: Triamterene: Blocks epithelial sodium channels in the late distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and collecting duct which inhibits sodium reabsorption from the lumen, decreasing the function of Na+/K+ ATPase, leading to potassium retention and decreased calciu Hydrochlorothiazide: Inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules causing increased excretion of sodium and water as well as potassium and hydrogen ions

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

37.5mg/25mg to 75mg/50mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Anuria

 Acute or chronic renal insufficiency or significant renal impairment

 Patients receiving other potassium sparing diuretics or potassium supplements

 Hyperkalemia

BBW:

• Hyperkalemia

Key Points:

 Photosensitivity

 Hyperkalemia, monitor renal function

18
Q

Valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide (combination)

A

Brand: Diovan HCT

MOA: Valsartan: Antagonizes angiotensin receptors, blocking the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone secreting effects of angiotensin II Hydrochlorothiazide: Inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules causing increased excretion of sodium and water as well as potassium and hydrogen ions

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

160mg/12.5mg to 320mg/25mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 anuria

 concomitant use with aliskerin in patients with diabetes

BBW:

• Fetal toxicity

Key Points:

 Hypotension

 Rarely angioedema

 Incr in SCr

19
Q

Verapamil

A

Brand: Calan, Verelan

MOA: Inhibits calcium ions from entering select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

IR: 80mg to 160mg TID

ER: 240mg to 480mg daily in one dose or in two evenly divided doses

Contraindication(s):

 Hypotension or cardiognic shock

 sick sinus syndrome

 second or thrid degree AV block

 Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Bradycardia

 Constipation

 Peripheral edema, Lightheadedness, dizziness, orthostasis, hypotension

20
Q

Warfarin

A

Brand: Coumadin, Jantoven

MOA: Inhibits subunit 1 of the multi-unit VKOR complex, leading to depletion of factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as proteins C and S.

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 2mg to 10mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Hemorrhagic tendencies

 Spinal puncture or recent CNS or eye surgery  Patients with high potential for noncompliance

 Pregnancy

BBW:

• Bleeding risk

Key Points:

 Monitor INR

 Diet should be consistent for Vitamin K intake

 Inform pharmacist or prescriber of new medications and herbal products

Bleeding

P2 Top 200 (19 decks)

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