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P2 Top 200 > 175-200 use to study > Flashcards

175-200 use to study Flashcards

1
Q

Group: Triphasic oral Contraceptives

A

Brand: Ortho Tri-Cyclen, Tri-Sprintec, Trivora

MOA: Combination hormonal contraceptives inhibit ovulation via a negative feedback mechanism on the hypothalamus, which alters the normal pattern of gonadotropin secretion of a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone by the anterior pituitar

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 1 tablet once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Breast cancer or other estrogen/progestin sensitive cancer

 Use in women at high risk of thrombotic disease

BBW:

• Cigarette smoke and serious cardiovascular events

Key Points:

 Nausea/Vomting  Increased risk of blood clots  Weight Changes; Fluid RetentionConsider various factors that may decrease effectiveness (abx, missed dose, time to onset, etc.)

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2
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Brand: Levaquin

MOA: Inhibits DNA-gyrase and promotes breakage of double-stranded DNA

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 500mg to 750mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW:

• Serious adverse reactions • Exacerbation of myasthenia gravis

Key Points:

 May bind with certain cations. Avoid taking with certain multivitamins and minerals (calcium, aluminum, magnesium, etc.)  QTC prolongation  DysglycemiaDiarrhea (AAD & CDAD)

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3
Q

Levothyroxine

A

Brand: Levoxyl, Synthroid, Tirosint, Unithroid

MOA: Synthetic form of thyroxine (T4), which is converted to active thyroid hormone

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 25mcg to 300mcg once daily About 1.7mcg/kg/day

Contraindication(s):

 Acute MI  Untreated subclinical or overt thyrotoxicosis of any etiology  uncorrected adrenal insufficiency

BBW: • Weight reduction

Key Points:

 Empty stomach; may or may not be first thing in the morning

 Symptoms of hyperthyroidism if dosed too aggresively

 Chelates with numerous drugs, vitamins, and mineralsRemind patient to have labs checked if new rx or changing dose

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4
Q

Levothyroxine and Liothyronine

A

Brand: Thyrolar

MOA: Active (T3) and synthetic (T4) thyroid hormone

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

50mcg/12.5mcg to 100mcg/25mcg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Uncorrected adrenal insufficiency  Untreated thyrotoxicosis

BBW:

• Weight reduction

Key Points:

 Empty stomach; may or may not be first thing in the morning

 Symptoms of hyperthyroidism if dosed too aggresively

 Chelates with numerous drugs, vitamins, and mineralsRemind patient to have labs checked if new rx or changing dose

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5
Q

Liothyronine

A

Brand: Cytomel

MOA: Active (T3) thyroid hormone

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 25mcg to 75mcg once daily Max: 100mcg/day

Contraindication(s):

 Uncorrected adrenal insufficiency

 Untreated thyrotoxicosis

BBW: • Weight reduction

Key Points:

 Empty stomach; may or may not be first thing in the morning  Sxs of hyperthyroidism if dosed too aggresively  Chelates with numerous drugs, vitamins, and mineralsRemind patient to have labs checked if new rx or changing dose

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6
Q

Medroxyprogesterone

A

Brand: Provera, Depo-Provera

MOA: Inhibits secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, which prevents follicular maturation and ovulation and causes endometrial thinning

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 5mg to 10 mg PO once daily

Depo-Provera: 150 mg IM every 3 months

Contraindication(s):

 DVT or PE  Active or history of thromboembolic disease  breast cancer  Pregnancy

BBW:

  • Cardiovascular disorders (tablet)
  • Breast cancer (tablet)
  • Dementia (tablet)
  • Long-term use (injection)
  • Loss of bone mineral density (injection)
  • Patient education (subcutaneous injection) • Risk vs benefits (tablet)

Key Points:

 amenorrhea  Weight gain  Headache

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7
Q

Metronidazole

A

Brand: Flagyl, MetroGel, MetroCream, MetroLotion

MOA: Interacts with DNA to cause a loss of helical DNA structure and strand breakage resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

500mg to 750mg BID to TID

Trichomoniasis: 250mg q 8 hours x 7 days OR 1gm BID x 1 day OR 2gm once as a single dose

Contraindication(s):

 First trimester of pregnancy  Use of alcohol within 3 days  use of disulfiram within the past 2 weeks

BBW: • Carcinogenic (systemic)

Key Points:  Avoid alcohol  Metallic taste  Headache, Nausea

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8
Q

Minocycline

A

Brand: Minocin, Solodyn

MOA: Inhibits protein synthesis by binding with the 30S ribosomal subunit

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

Acne Vulgaris: 50mg to 100mg BID

Infection: 200mg once daily x 1 dose, followed by 100mg BID

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Photosensitivity  Avoid < 8 years old  Adequate fluid intake otherwise esophagitisdiarrhea (AAD & CDAD)

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9
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

Brand: Avelox, Moxeza, Vigamox

MOA: Inhibits DNA-gyrase and promotes breakage of double-stranded DNA

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 400mg PO or IV once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity to other quinolones

BBW: • Serious adverse reactions • Myasthenia gravis

Key Points:

 May bind with certain cations. Avoid taking with certain multivitamins and minerals (calcium, aluminum, magnesium, etc.)  QTC prolongation  Dysglycemia, Diarrhea (AAD & CDAD)

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10
Q

Mupirocin

A

Brand: Bactroban

MOA: Binds to bacterial isoleucyl transfer-RNA synthetase resulting in the inhibition of protein synthesis

Schedule: legend

Dosing: AAA topically TID

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:  Localized burning or stinging sensation  Rhinitis  Respiratory congestion

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11
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

Brand: Macrobid, Macrodantin

MOA: Inactivates or alters bacterial ribosomal proteins leading to inhibition of protein synthesis, aerobic energy metabolism, DNA, RNA, and cell wall synthesis

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

Macrobid: 100mg BID for 7 days

Macrodantin: 50mg to 100mg q 6 hours

Contraindication(s):

 Anuria, oliguria, or impairment of renal function (CrCl less than 60ml/min)

 History of cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction associated with prior use of nitrofurantoin

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 GI Upset  Do not use with poor renal function  Pulmonary fibrosis with long term use

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12
Q

Norethindrone

A

Brand: Nor-QD, Camila, Heather, Errin

MOA: Suppresses ovulation, thickens cervical mucus (which inhibits sperm penetration), alters follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations, slows the movement of ovum through the fallopian tubes, and alters the endometrium

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 1 tablet once daily at the same time each day

Contraindication(s):

 Hepatic impairment or disease  Breast Cancer - known, suspected, or history of  Pregnancy  Undiagnosed abdominal genital bleeding

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Nausea and Vomting

 Increased risk of blood clots

 Weight Changes; Fluid RetentionSticter dosing parmeters than other BCs. Consider various factors that may decrease effectiveness (time of dose, abx, missed dose, time to onset, etc.)

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13
Q

Oseltamivir

A

Brand: Tamiflu

MOA: Inhibits influenza virus neuraminidase

Schedule: legend

Dosing: Influenza prophylaxis: 75mg once daily Influenza treatment: 75mg BID

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Headache  Nausea/Vomiting  Give within 48 hours of flu symptoms

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14
Q

Oxybutynin

A

Brand: Oxytrol, Ditropan

MOA: Direct antispasmodic effect on smooth muscle and inhibits the action of acetylcholine

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

ER: 5mg to 10mg po once daily (Max 30mg/day)

Contraindication(s):

 Patients with or at risk for uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma, urinary retention, gastric retention, or conditions with severely decreased GI motility

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Anticholinergic AE (dry mouth, sedation, constipation,e tc.)  dizziness  vision disturbance

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15
Q

Penicillin g

A

Brand: Bicillin L-A

MOA: Interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis during active multiplication, causing cell wall death and resultant bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 1.2 million to 2.4 million units IM x1

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW: • Appropriate administration

Key Points:

 Diarrhea  Allergy  Take entire course and contact provider if symptoms do not improve within a few days of starting

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16
Q

Penicillin v Potassium

A

Brand: Apo-pen VK, Novo-Pen VK, Nu-Pen VK

MOA: Interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis during active multiplication, causing cell wall death and resultant bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 125mg to 500mg q 6 to 8 hours

Contraindication(s):  Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Diarrhea  Allergy  Take entire course and contact provider if symptoms do not improve within a few days of starting

17
Q

Phenazopyridine

A

Brand: Pyridium

MOA: Unknown - Local urinary tract anesthetic

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 200mg TID after meals

Contraindication(s):  Hypersensitivity  renal insufficiency

BBW: • None

Key Points:  Do not exceed 48-72h  Urine color change

18
Q

Sildenafil

A

Brand: Viagra, Revatio

MOA: Inhibits phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5), causing increased levels of cGMP, resulting in smooth muscle relaxation and increased blood flow

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

ED: 25mg to 100mg PRN 1 hour prior to actvivity (Max 100 mg once daily)

Pulmonary HTN: 5mg to 20mg TID

Contraindication(s):

 Concurrent use of organic nitrates or riociguat

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Headache  Flushing  Dizziness Priapism

19
Q

Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir

A

Brand: Harvoni

MOA: Ledipasvir inhibits the HCV NS5A protein necessary for viral replication sofosbuvir inhibits NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 400mg/90mg once daily

Contraindication(s):  None

BBW: • Hepatitis B virus reactivation

Key Points:

 Hyperkalemia  Gynecomastia  Monitor renal function regularly

20
Q

Solifenacin

A

Brand: Vesicare

MOA: Inhibits muscarinic receptors resulting in decreased urinary bladder contraction, increased residual urine volume, and decreased detrusor muscle pressure

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

5mg once daily, may increase to 10mg/day

Contraindication(s):

 Urinary retention  gastric retention  uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Don’t crush/chew  Dry mouth, dry eyes, constipation, urinary retention (anticholinergic)  drink plenty of water to avoid crystaluria

21
Q

Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim

A

Brand: Bactrim, Sulfatrim

MOA: Sulfamethoxazole interferes with bacterial folic acid synthesis trimethoprim inhibits bacterial folic acid metabolism

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 800mg/160mg q 12 to 24 hours

Contraindication(s):

 History of drug induced immun thrombocytopenia with sulfonamides

 megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency

 Marked hepatic damage or severe renal disease  Cocomitant use with dofetilide

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Steven Johnson Syndrome Rash  Diarrhea (AAD & CDAD)  Photosensitivitydrink plenty of water to avoid crystaluria

22
Q

Tadalafil

A

Brand: Cialis, Adcirca

MOA: Inhibits phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5), causing increased levels of cGMP, resulting in smooth muscle relaxation and increased blood flow

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

ED: 2.5mg to 5mg once daily or 10mg to 20mg once daily PRN 30 min prior activity

BPH: 5mg once daily

Contraindication(s):  Concurrent use of organic nitrates or riociguat

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Headache  Flushing  DizzinessPriapism

23
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Brand: Flomax

MOA: Antagonist of alpha1A-adrenoreceptors leading to relaxation of smooth muscle in the bladder and prostate

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 0.4mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Don’t crush/chew  Take on empty stomach  Tiredness

24
Q

Tenofovir alafenamide and emtricitabine

A

Brand: Descovy

MOA: Each drug interferes with HIV viral RNA dependent DNA polymerase activities resulting in inhibition of viral replication

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 1 tablet once daily

Contraindication(s):  None

BBW: • Hepatitis B coinfection

Key Points:

 nausea  Bone weakness  Hypercholesterolemia

25
Q

Terazosin

A

Brand: Hytrin

MOA: Competitively inhibits postsynaptic alpha1-adrenergic receptors leading to smooth muscle relaxation

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 1mg to 10mg q HS (Max 20mg/day)

Contraindication(s):  Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Dizziness  Orthostatic hypotension  at bedtime

26
Q

Testosterone

A

Brand: Androderm, Androgel, Axiron, Testim

MOA: Principle endogenous androgen responsible for growth and development of male sex organs and maintaining secondary sex characteristics

Schedule: III

Dosing:

Gel: 50mg q AM (Max 100mg/day)

Patch: 1 patch once daily

INJ: 50mg to 400mg IM q 2 to 4 weeks

Contraindication(s):

 Breast or prostate cancer

 Pregnant women or women who may become pregnant

 Breastfeeding

BBW:

  • Secondary exposure (transdermal gel, transdermal solution)
  • Pulmonary oil microembolism (testosterone undecanoate)

Key Points:

 Edema  Hypertension  CHF

Erythrocytosis

27
Q

Valacyclovir

A

Brand: Valtrex

MOA: Inhibits DNA synthesis and viral replication by competing with deoxyguanosine triphosphate for viral DNA polymerase and being incorporated into viral DNA

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

Genital HSV (Initial Episode):1000mg q 12 hours; (Suppression): 1000mg once daily

Cold Sores (Episode): 2000mg q 12 hours x 1 day

Shingles: 1000mg q 8 hours

Contraindication(s):  Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Nausea and Vomiting  Headache

P2 Top 200 (19 decks)

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