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Pathology > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Is the bacterial exterior simple or complex?

A

Complex

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2
Q

The complexity of the bacterial surface is due to what?

A

Numerous important functions

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3
Q

What the difference between gram positive + gram negative bacteria?

A

Gram positive

  • > Thick layer of peptidoglycan
  • > Purple after gram staining

Gram negative

  • > Thin layer of peptidoglycan
  • > Red after gram staining
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4
Q

What shape is Vibrio cholerae?

A

Comma shaped

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5
Q

Is Vibrio cholera gram positive or gram negative?

A

Gram negative

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6
Q

How is one exposed to Vibrio cholerae?

A

Drinking water contaminated w/ faeces

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7
Q

Where does Vibrio cholerae colonise in humans?

A

Intestinal mucosa

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8
Q

What causes Vibrio cholerae to adhere and colonise?

A

Toxin coregulated pilus (TCP)

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9
Q

What type of toxin is cholera toxin (CTX)? Describe it

A

AB toxin

A subunit = enzymatically active
B subunit = GM1 ganglioside binding pentamer

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10
Q

Transcription of cholera toxin (CTX) is regulated by what?

A

ToxT

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11
Q

Is Bordetella pertussis gram positive or gram negative?

A

Gram negative

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12
Q

Where does Bordetella pertussis colonise in humans?

A

Trachea ciliated epithelia

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13
Q

What are the stages of whooping cough?

A

Incubation period
Catarrhal stage
Paroxysmal stage
Convalescent stage

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14
Q

What stage of whooping cough is the most infectious?

A

Catarrhal stage

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15
Q

Infection of pertussis causes what to cilia?

A

Cilia stasis

-> Cilia stop beating

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16
Q

What causes adherence of pertussis?

A

Filamentous hemagglutinins (FHA)
Fimbriae
Pertactin (PT)

17
Q

What type of toxin is pertussis toxin?

A

AB toxin

18
Q

What are the 3 toxins secreted by pertussis?

A

Pertussis toxin (AB5)
Adenylate cyclase toxin
Tracheal cytotoxin

19
Q

What antibiotic is used for cholera?

A

Doxycycline

20
Q

What antibiotic is used for whooping cough?

A

Erythromycin

21
Q

Are fungi diverse?

A

Yes

22
Q

Why are there few drug targets for fungal infection?

A

There is shared DNA between fungi + humans

23
Q

What is the difference between primary + opportunistic fungi pathogens?

A

Primary = Can cause damage in normal host

Opportunistic = Only associated w/ disease in people w/ impaired immune function

24
Q

What is virulence?

A

The relative capacity of a microbe to cause damage in a host

25
Q

Name 3 virulence factors

A 
Cell wall - polysaccharide
Morphogenesis
Ability to grow at body temperature
Adhesion - biofilm
Hydrolytic enzymes
26
Q

Yeast cells shape are best suited for what function?

A

Distribution in the bloodstream

27
Q

True hyphae shape are best suited for what function?

A

Adherence

Piercing tissue

28
Q

What genes encodes for cell-surface glycoproteins in fungi? What is their function?

A

ALS genes

To facilitate interaction w/ epithelial + endothelial cells and extracellular matrix proteins

29
Q

What hydrolytic enzymes are secreted by fungi?

A

Aspartyl proteases (SAPs)

30
Q

Mannose receptors in fungi facilitate interactions w/ what?

A

Immune cells

31
Q

What is the fungi known as the sugar-coated killer?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

32
Q

What are the 2 processes of spore formation of C. neoformans?

A 
Mating (2 different cell types)
Monokaryotic fruiting (2 of the same cells)
33
Q

What disease is caused by Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Cryptococcus meningitis

34
Q

Cryptococcal meningitis involved the infection of what areas of the body?

A

Brain
Skin
Pulmonary system

35
Q

What is the causative agent of cryptococcal meningitis?

A

Basidiospores

36
Q

What is the fungi known as the dazzling white fungus?

A

Candida albicans

37
Q

Is C. albicans haploid or diploid?

A

Diploid

38
Q

C. neoformans + C. albicans replicate by what process?

A

Budding

39
Q

Systemic candidiasis infects what part of the body?

A

Immune system

Kidneys

Pathology (7 decks)

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