General Pulmo

Question 1

Volume of gas contained in the lungs after a maximal inspiration

Answer 1

Total lung capacity

Question 2

Volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of maximal expiration

Answer 2

Residual volume

Question 3

Volume of gas that is exhaled from the lungs in going from TLC to REsidual volume

Answer 3

Vital capacity

Question 4

Volume of gas exhaled during the first 1st second of expiration , normal value is 80-100%

Answer 4

FEV1

Forced expiratory volume

Question 5

Total volume exhaled

Answer 5

FORCED VITAL CAPACITY FVC

Question 6

Now the recommended screening procedure for lung cancer in at risk individuals

Answer 6

Multidetector CT scan or MDCT

Question 7

Choice in evaluating pulmonary embolism

Answer 7

CT PULMONARY ANGIOGRAPHY

Question 8

3D image of the thorax obtained by MDCT with reconstruction of the airways down to the 6th to 7th generation

Answer 8

Virtual bronchoscopy

Question 9

Current use: evaluation of patient with impaired lung function for lung resection to estimate level of post operative lung function

Answer 9

Scintigraphic imaging or nuclear medicine techniques

Question 10

Used for evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodules

AIDS in staging lung cancer (mediastinal lymph node involvement)

Answer 10

PET SCAN

Question 11

Allows diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis without histologic confirmation

Answer 11

MDCT

Question 12

Use for detection of pulmonary embolism demonstrated by filling defect or abrupt termination ir cut off of the vessel

Answer 12

Pulmonary angiography

Question 13

Diagnostic and therapeutic for pleural effusion

Answer 13

Thoracentesis

Question 14

Useful in the retrieval of foreign object and the suctioning of a massive hemorrhage

Answer 14

Bronchoscopy

Question 15

What is the most likely abnormality associated with a pulmonary function test showing elevated TLC and Residual volume but decreased forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1s with no response to bronchodilator?

Answer 15

Airflow obstruction due to decreased elastic recoil
(Ex. Severe emphysema)

Hallmark increased TLC

Question 16

What is the most likely abnormality associated with a pulmonary function test showing decreased TLC, Residual volume, forced vital capacity and functional residual capacity. In short lung recoil is increased in all volumes.

Answer 16

Ventilator restriction due to increased elastic recoil

Ex idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Question 17

What is the most likely abnormality associated with a pulmonary function test showing decreased functional residual capacity And normal TLC AND RV due to normal elastic volume however outward recoil is blunted by the weight of the chest wall and space occupied by the intraabdominal fat.

Answer 17

Ventilator restriction due to chest wall abnormality
-most common patter
Ex Moderate Obesity

Question 18

What is the most likely abnormality associated with a pulmonary function test showing:
Only one with normal FRC / functional residual capacity and DLCO,
decreased FVC and FEV1 and
Increased TLC and residual volume

Answer 18

Ventilator restriction due to reduced muscle strength

Ex myasthenia gravis

Question 19

What is the most likely abnormality associated with a pulmonary function test showing:
normal TLC
decreased FVC
Increased FRC, RESIdual volume due to exaggerated airway closure at low lung volumes

Answer 19

Airways obstruction due to decreased airway diameter

Ex acute asthma

Question 20

Almost always preferred to directly visualize the tracheobronchial tree

Answer 20

Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy

Question 21

Sample material from more distal pulmonary parenchyma including ALVEOLAR SPACES

Answer 21

Bronchoalveolar lavage

Question 22

Another procedure involves use of a hollow-bore needle passedthrough the bronchoscope for sampling of tissue adjacent to the trachea or a large bronchus

Answer 22

TRANSBRONCHIAL NEEDLE ASPIRATION

Question 23

requires general anesthesia and is only performed in the operatingroom.
A common diagnostic indication for medical thoracoscopy is theevaluation of a pleural effusion or biopsy of presumed parietal pleuralcarcinomatosis. It can also be used to place a chest tube under visualguidance, or perform chemical or talc pleurodesis, a therapeutic intervention to prevent a recurrent pleural effusion (usually malignant) orrecurrent pneumothorax

Answer 23

video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)

Question 24

Almost always preferred to directly visualize the tracheobronchial tree

Answer 24

Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy

Question 25

Sample material from more distal pulmonary parenchyma including ALVEOLAR SPACES

Answer 25

Bronchoalveolar lavage

Question 26

Another procedure involves use of a hollow-bore needle passedthrough the bronchoscope for sampling of tissue adjacent to the trachea or a large bronchus

Answer 26

TRANSBRONCHIAL NEEDLE ASPIRATION

Question 27

is the operative technique for the diagnosis and management Of pleural as well as parenchymal lung disease.

Answer 27

video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)

Question 28

It provides the largestamount of material, and it can be used to biopsy and/or excise lesionsthat are too deep or too close to vital structures for removal by VATS.

Answer 28

THORACOTOMY

Question 29

Also known a s the chamberlain procedure. Sampling of the left paratracheal , aortopulmonary lymph nodes

Answer 29

PARASTERNAL MEDIASTINOTOMY

Question 30

Which condition commonly occurs in women described as tickle or sensitivity in the
throat and is typically “dry” or at most productive of scanty amount of mucoid sputum?

Answer 30

Cough hypersensitivity syndrome