Chapter 3: Cells Flashcards
Cytoplasm
The living substance that exists only in cells (living matter).
Organelles
Cell organ “little organs”.
Structural Parts (Three main parts of a cell)
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
Mitochondria
Power plant of the cell.
Lysosomes
Membranous organelles containing various enzymes that can dissolve most cellular compounds (digestive bags).
Flagellum
A single projection extending from the cell surface; the only example in humans is the “tail” of the male sperm.
Nucleus
Spherical structure within a cell; a group of neuron cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord; central core of the atom, made up of protons and (sometimes) neutrons (controls reproduction of the cell).
Passive Transport
Cellular process in which substances move through cellular membrane with their own energy (movement occurs from area of high pressure to area of low pressure).
Active Transport
Movement of a substance into and out of a living cell requiring the use of cellular energy (movement of substances from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration).
Diffusion
Spreading; for example, scattering or dissolved particles (also known as a part of “osmosis” process).
Osmosis
Type of passive movement of water (only) through a semipermeable membrane.
Filtration
Movement of water and solutes through a membrane by a higher hydrostatic pressure on one side.
Phagocytosis
Ingestion and digestion of particles by a cell.
Pinocytosis
The active transport mechanism used to transfer fluids or dissolved substances into cells.
Plasma Membrane
Surrounds and serves as a boundary for cells.
