Unit 1.3: DNA & Genetic material Flashcards
Describe the shape of DNA.
Its a double base helix
How many strands does a DNA molecule have?
2
How is DNA stranded together?
By complementary bonds
What are the 4 bases?
Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T)
What do the 4 bases make up?
Your genetic code
What’s the complementary base pairing?
A - T
G - C
State the function of DNA.
To carry genetic information to make proteins
What is a gene?
A section of DNA which codes proteins
Whats the sub-unit of proteins?
Amino acids
Describe the role of Messenger RNA (mRNA).
It carries a complementary copy of DNA from the nucleus to a ribosome to carry out the protein process.
What 5 functions are proteins for?
Structural Enzymes Hormones Antibodies Receptors
Describe how the variety of protein shapes and functions arise.
It is because the sequence of amino acids is determined by the DNA base sequence
Where are proteins made?
In a ribosome
Name the process by which genetic information can be transferred from one cell to another.
Genetic engineering
Describe the process of genetic engineering.
The required gene from the chromosome is identified
The gene is then cut out using an enzyme
The plasmid from the bacterial cell is also removed
That plasmid is cut open using the same enzyme
The gene is then inserted into the plasmid using another enzyme
The modified plasmid is taken up by a host bacterial cell and multiplies itself
