Unit 1.4: Enzymes

Question 1

What are enzymes made of?

Answer 1

Proteins

Question 2

What are enzymes made by?

Answer 2

Living cells

Question 3

What other name is enzymes known?

Answer 3

Biological catalyst

Question 4

State the function of an enzyme.

Answer 4

To break down or build up substances

Question 5

Explain why enzymes are important.

Answer 5

They speed up cellular reactions

Question 6

How can enzymes be used multiple times?

Answer 6

Because it doesn’t get used up

Question 7

State the name given to the site on an enzyme to which the substrate attaches.

Answer 7

Enzyme-substrate complex

Question 8

What does enzyme action result in?

Answer 8

Products either being broken down or built up

Question 9

What is the name of the area the enzyme-substrate attaches to?

Answer 9

The active site

Question 10

Define degradation.

Answer 10

Breaking down reactants

Question 11

Define synthesis.

Answer 11

Building up reactions

Question 12

Give examples of degradation.

Answer 12

The breakdown of starch into maltose using the enzyme amlyase
The breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water by the enzyme catalase

Question 13

Give an example of synthesis.

Answer 13

Glucose-1-phosphate into starch by the enzyme potato phosphorylase

Question 14

Whats does it mean ‘enzymes are specific’?

Answer 14

Only certain shaped substrates can perfectly fit the enzymes active site

Question 15

Explain why enzymes are specific?

Answer 15

They’re active site can only fit one type of substrate

Question 16

When is an enzyme most active?

Answer 16

At its optimum condition

Question 17

Name two factors that can affect enzymes.

Answer 17

Temperature

pH

Question 18

Explain why enzyme molecules are inactive at 0 degrees.

Answer 18

The substrate and enzyme is moving too slow so there’s less of a chance for them to collide

Question 19

Explain why enzyme activity increases as temperature increases.

Answer 19

The enzyme and substrate molecules have energy to move to form an enzyme-substrate complex

Question 20

What is it meant by the optimum temperature?

Answer 20

This is when the enzymes is at its fastest

Question 21

What happens to the shape of the enzyme molecule at 50 degrees?

Answer 21

It changes shape

Question 22

What is the effect of increasing the temperature above 50 degrees?

Answer 22

The enzyme becomes denatured so the substrate no longer fits meaning it doesn’t work anymore.

Question 23

What does working range pH mean?

Answer 23

The pH range from when the enzyme is active.

Question 24

What does optimum pH mean?

Answer 24

The pH point which makes the enzyme the most active.