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Psychiatry > Addictions > Flashcards

Addictions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms responsible for substance misuse?

A

Tolerance

Reward centre

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2
Q

What is tolerance?

A

Reduced responsiveness to drug caused by previous administration

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3
Q

What is dispositional tolerance?

A

Less drug reaches the active site

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4
Q

What is pharmacodynamic tolerance?

A

Drug has less action at the active site

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5
Q

What causes increased dispositional tolerance?

A

Less drug absorbed
Drug metabolised faster
More drug excreted

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6
Q

What causes increased pharmacodynamic tolerance?

A

Fewer drug receptors

Less efficient drug receptors

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7
Q

Why can tolerance lead to withdrawal symptoms?

A

A drug effect which disrupts homeostasis will lead to an adaptive response, if the drug is stopped the adaptive response will suddenly be too much for the body

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8
Q

How does the body change in an adaptive response?

A

Change number of receptors

Change efficacy of receptors

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9
Q

What is the withdrawal phenomena?

A

The withdrawal effect of a drug is the opposite of the acute effect

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10
Q

What are the acute and withdrawal effects of opioids?

A

Acute - constipation

Withdrawal - diarrhoea

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11
Q

What are the acute and withdrawal effects of barbiturates?

A

Acute - anticonvulsant

Withdrawal - convulsions

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12
Q

Where is the reward pathway in the brain?

A

Ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex

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13
Q

What are the 2 most common stimulants?

A

Cocaine

Amphetamine

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14
Q

What are effects of cocaine on mood?

A

Stimulant and euphoriant
Increased alertness and energy
Increased confidence and impaired judgement
Lessen appetite and need for sleept

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15
Q

What are physical effects of cocaine?

A 
Damage to nose and airways
Convulsions with resp failure
Cardiac arrhythmias and MI
Hypertension
Toxic confusion
Paranoid psychosis
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16
Q

What are withdrawal effects of cocaine?

A 
Depression
Irritability
Agitation
Craving
Hyperphagia
Hypersomnia
17
Q

What are acute effects of amphetamine?

A

Toxic confusion occasionally with convulsions and death

Psychosis in chronic use

18
Q

What are slang terms for heroin?

A

H
Gear
Smack
Brown

19
Q

What are effects of opiates?

A 
Analgesia
Drowsiness
Mood change - euphoria
Respiratory depression
Cough reflex depression
Sensitisation of the labyrinth
Decreased sympathetic outflow
Lowering body temp
Pupillary constriction
Constipation
20
Q

What are symptoms of opiate withdrawal?

A 
Craving
Insomnia
Yawning
Muscle pain and cramps
Increased salivary secretions
Dilated pupils
Piloerection
21
Q

What are effects of ecstasy?

A

Euphoria followed by feelings of calm
Increased sociability
Inability to distinguish between what is and isnt desirable
Effects after 20 mins lasting 2-4 hours

22
Q

What are side effects of ecstasy?

A 
Nausea and dry mouth
Increased blood pressure and temperature
Dehydration
Anxiety and panic
Psychosis
Liver and brain damage
23
Q

What are side effects of cannabis?

A

Resp problems such as with tobacco
Toxic confusion
Exacerbation of major mental illness

Psychiatry (18 decks)

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