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fastidious bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

picky eaters

A

fastidious bacteria

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2
Q

what causes whooping cough

A

bordetella pertussis

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3
Q

leading cause of vaccine preventable illness in the US

A

bordetella pertussis

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4
Q

bordetella pertussis is a obligate aerobe or anaerobe

A

aerobe human pathogen that is highly contagious

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5
Q

bordetella pertussis grows in what media?

A

charcoal-cephalexin blood agar

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6
Q

with B. pertussis what do we need to do after a culture has been collected and isolated?

A

treat before culture grows up due to highly contagious and you want to limit the spread of the disease

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7
Q

treatment of B. pertussis

A

azitrhomycin (microlide)

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8
Q

3 phases of infection for B.pertussis

A
  1. catarrhal
  2. paroxysmal
  3. convalescent
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9
Q

People withpertussisare most infectious during the ________ periodand during the first two weeks after onset of the cough

A

catarrhal

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10
Q

diagnostic test for pertussis

A

PCR and culture (regan-lowe)

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11
Q

B. pertussis establishing infection: (2)

A
  1. attachment- ciliary cell in lungs

2. secretion of toxins- inhibits functions of cilia and intereferes with immune response

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12
Q

B. pertussis toxin

A

A-B toxin: Lymphocytosis-promoting factor: inhibits lymphocytes from entering tissues

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13
Q

B. pertussis secretes another toxin called adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) which

A

produces cAMP

Disables innate immune cells; prevents leukocytosis

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14
Q

TCT toxin from pertussis

A

cell wall fragment kills ciliated cells

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15
Q

attachment of B. pertussis (3)

A
  1. FHA
  2. Fimbriae
  3. Pertactin
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16
Q

DTwP (DTP)

A

whole killed B. pertussis- long lasting immunity side effects associated

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17
Q

DTaP

A

acellular B. pertussis- immunity wanes after 5 years

** vaccinated individuals are asymptomatic carriers

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18
Q

TdaP

A

acellular B. pertussis low levels of diptheria and tetanus toxoid

19
Q

patient population most affected

A

infants most at risk and then adolescents since immunity wanes

20
Q

prevention of B. pertussis

A

prophylactic azithromycin for contacts

21
Q

vaccines for meningitis targets ______ and thus antigenic variation is an issue

A

capsules

22
Q

meningitis is transmitted by

A

respiratory droplets

23
Q

N. meningitidis and H.influenzae are nl. constituents of upper resp, tract

A

yep, it is only when it get in the blood=sepsis and/or meninges=meningitis

24
Q

N. meningitidis and H.influenzae grow in what agar?

A

chocolate agar (thayer-martin)

25
Q

Penicillin can cross blood-brain barrier when compromised during meningitis

A

yep

26
Q

only gram negative diplococci

A

N. meningitidis that is part of the normal flora that colonizes mucosal membrane

27
Q

what type of rash do we see in meningococcal disease?

A

purple rash- petechial rash

28
Q

with meningococcemia, entry into blood causes a

A

massive inflammatory response due to LOS (lipooligosaccharide) which is highly pro0inflammatory

29
Q

adrenal hemorrhage caused by attempt to maintain blood pressure; septic shock

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

30
Q

N. meningitidis has IgA Protease and a Polysaccharide Capsule –

A

inactivates secretory IgA, inhibits immune responses (like N. gonorrhoeae) and anti-phagocytic

31
Q

recombinant vaccine (N. meningitidis )

A

against 4 proteins made by serotype B

32
Q

Hard to develop high affinity antibodies against capsular antigens that are induced by memory responses

A

so true, so so true

33
Q

treatment for N. meningitidis

A
  1. Ceftriaxone (IV – cephalosporin with excellent CSF penetration); penicillin also works. Prompt treatment if disseminated.
  2. Rifampin prohylaxis – close contacts.
34
Q

H. influenzae has ____ serotypes but type ___ is the most common

***part of normal flora of nasopharynx

A

6 serotypes but type B is the most common

35
Q

capsular vaccine

A

does not work in small children and low memory response for both H. influenzae and N. meningitidis

36
Q

HiB

A

conjugate vaccine for H. influenzae

37
Q

H. influenzae clinical features

A
  1. epiglottitis
  2. pneumonia
  3. otitis media- use penicillin to tx.
38
Q

H. pyloric is a ____ rod which allows them to dive into the mucosa and it is also a microaerophilic ( microorganism that requires oxygen to survive, but requires environments containing lower levels of oxygen than that are present in the atmosphere)

A

flagellated

39
Q

H. pyloric makes what

A

urease which raises pH and allows the H. pylori to penetrate into stomach epithelium

40
Q

H. pyloric secretion of virulence factors:

  1. ______: vacuolating toxin –disrupts epithelial cells…PMNs…ulcers
  2. ______: assoc. with stomach cancer – disrupts cell signaling
  3. Proteases:
    HtrA disrupts cell-cell junctions
    _____________ - generates NH3 and causes cell death (ass. with cancer)
A
  1. VacA: vacuolating toxin –disrupts epithelial cells…PMNs…ulcers
  2. CagA: assoc. with stomach cancer – disrupts cell signaling
  3. Proteases:
    HtrA disrupts cell-cell junctions
    Glutamyl-transpeptidase - generates NH3 and causes cell death (ass. with cancer)
41
Q

H. pylori increases risk for cancer… why?

A

chornic inflammation increases risk

42
Q

treatment for H. pylori

A

triple threat threapy tx.:

  1. PPP- decrease acidity
  2. amoxicillin
  3. clarithromycin (macrolide)
43
Q

Individuals infected withH. pylorihave a 10 to 20% lifetime risk of __________and a 1 to 2% risk of acquiringstomach cancer

A

Individuals infected withH. pylorihave a 10 to 20% lifetime risk of developingpeptic ulcersand a 1 to 2% risk of acquiringstomach cancer

micro/id (41 decks)

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