pneumonia Flashcards
Pneumonitis
non-infectious inflammation
mode of infection:
Tuberculosis, chickenpox, measles, coronavirus
what precaution is needed?
inhalation
High filtration masks to enter room
Negative pressure rooms
mode of infection:
Influenza virus
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Meningococci
what precaution is needed?
droplets
Surgical masks within few feet of patient
mode of infection:
Pneumococci
Gram-negative enterics
what precaution is needed?
aspiration
No precautions for contacts
pulmonary defenses
both non-immune and immune defenses
chest x-ray- what do we see?
- Viral Pneumonia:
- Bacterial Pneumonia:
- Necrotizing Pneumonia
- Viral Pneumonia: interstitial infiltrates (diffuse, “soft”)- diffuse ground glass appearance
- Bacterial Pneumonia: consolidation (“solid”) we see a loss of volume
- Necrotizing Pneumonia - Cavitary
most common causes of typical bacterial pneumonia (4)
- strep. Pnemoniae
- H. influenza
- moraxella catarrhalis
- Group A. strep
most common causes of atypical bacterial pneumonia (3)
- mycoplasma pneumoniae
- chlamydophila pneumoniae
- legionella pneumophila
viral pneumonia cuase
influenza
Pneumonia in the Elderly or Immunocompromised
in the addition to the ones we mentioned before: pseudomonas and Pneumocystis pneumonia
“Atypical” microbial infections can resemble bacterial or viral
yep
tamiflu
oseltamivir used in treatment of influenza
What are considered significant comorbidities in the pneumonia guidelines?
Chronic heart, lung, liver, renal diseases Diabetes Malignancy Asplenia Alcoholism
differencce in treatment of CAP- outpatient between healthy patient and patient with comorbities
healthy patient only needs one treatment while patient with comorbidities requires multitherapy
if pneumonia is severe what should we do?
get blood and sputum
