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Bio 11 > Animalia > Flashcards

Animalia Flashcards

1
Q

animals are divided into 2 groups

what are they?

A

invertebrates
and
vertebrates

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2
Q

levels of organization

A

cells
tissue
organs
organ systems

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3
Q

body cavities

A

acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
true coelomate

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4
Q

tissue layers

A

outer layer- ectoderm, skin, nerves and brain
inner layer- endoderm, lining of digestive track
middle layer- mesoderm, organs, respiration, circulation, reproduction

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5
Q

signs of complexity

A 
symmetry 
organs
specialized cells
body cavity 
cephalization
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6
Q

what is a zygote

A

diploid cell made from egg and sperm

two sets of chromosomes

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7
Q

development of a zygote

what is a blastula

A

ball of 64+ cells

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8
Q

what is gastrulation

A

an indentation that forms in blastula

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9
Q

body plans

A 
sac body plan 
1 opening for both mouth and anus
tube within a tube
2 openings 
separate ends for mouth and anus
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10
Q

when the indentation in the blastula goes all the way through

A

gastrula

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11
Q

types of gastrulation

A

protosome- mouth was the blastopore

deuterosomes- anus was the blastopore

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12
Q

chordates are ??

A

deuterosomes

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13
Q

in the development of an animal what forms first?

A

digestive track

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14
Q

an animal is?

A

multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic and their cells lack cell walls

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15
Q

general characteristics of an animal

A

heterotrophic- must obtain food from other organisms
multicellular-made up of more than one cell
eukaryotic- cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
cell membrane- lack cell walls but have cell membrane

7 things animals do to survive 
respire 
excrete
feed
respond to environment
reproduce
move
circulate nutrients
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16
Q

symmetry

A

asymmetrical-no symmetry
radial- two identical halves no matter how the animal is divided longitudinally(no head, jellyfish)
bilateral- definite right and left halves

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17
Q

what is cephalization

A

more advanced animals will have a head and this has to do with bilateral symmetry

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18
Q

symmetry
porifera has
cnidaria has

A

asymmetry

radial

19
Q

what is a coelom

A

a body cavity

20
Q

coelom structure
porifera?
cnidaria?

A

acoelomate

21
Q

what is an acoelomate?

A 
no coelom
simple 
mesoderm fills middle (no organs)
endoderm lines inside of digestive system
ectoderm- outer skin
22
Q

what is a psudocoelomate?

A

false coelom
fluid filled
cavity lined with mesoderm
fluid for hydrostatic movement

23
Q

what is a true coelomate?

A

complex

organs fill coelom

24
Q

segmentation

A

repetition of body parts along the length of the body

25
Q

non-segmented

A

molluscs, clams, starfish, sea urchins

26
Q

segmented examples

A

annelid, earth worms and arthropods, crabs, bees

each segment has a specialized function

27
Q

dorsal

A

back

28
Q

ventral

A

stomach side

29
Q

anterior

A

head end

30
Q

posterior

A

tail end

31
Q

lateral

A

either side

32
Q

cephalization

A

gathering of sense organs and nerve cells at the anterior cells
nerve cells
ganglia
brain

33
Q

activities animals do to survive

A 
feed
respire
internal transport 
excretion
response 
movement
reproduction
34
Q 
Feed
herbivores? 
carnivores?
Parasites?
Filter feeders?
detritus feeders ?
A

feeds on plants
feeds on animals
feed either on the host of attached to the outer surface of the host
filters organisms out of water (sponges and clams)
feeds on decaying plants and animals
(scavengers)

35
Q

respire

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment

diffusion through cell membrane, skin and lungs

36
Q

internal transport

A

movement of gases, nutrients and waste around the organism

•cytoplast, then excretion and circulatory system(blood, blood vessels and heart)

37
Q

EXCRETION

A

diffusion of nitrogenous waste which is toxic to the body

first through the cell membrane of then the development of excretory system

flame cells, excretory pores, nephrons, kidney and bladder

38
Q

RESPONSE

A

nervous system and senses
responding to stimuli in the environment

chemical, light, sound, temperature receptors

development of nerve cells and tissue then nervous system

39
Q

MOVEMENT

A

sessile- spend adult life attached to something (sponges)
Motile- can move around free-living (jellyfish)
sedentary- can move but remains in one spot often (sea star)

40
Q

REPRODUCTION

A

asexual or sexual

the organism is a diploid, only sex cells or gametes are haploid

other organisms like insects, lay eggs and they hatch into larvae which then undergo metamorphosis to change into adult form

41
Q

animals are made up of more that one cell are called

A

multicellular

42
Q

an organism whose mouth forms second during gastrulation

A

dueterosomes

43
Q

body symmetry where the organism can be divided into left and right halves

A

bilateral

Bio 11 (9 decks)

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