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Anesthesia 2 > Fluids Test > Flashcards

Fluids Test Flashcards

1
Q

3 compartments of body water division:

A

cells
interstitial
intravascular

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2
Q

Body is made up of what percent water?

A

60%

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3
Q

Primary Electrolytes

A 
Sodium
potassium
chloride
phosphate
bicarbonate
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4
Q

Which are cations?

A

sodium

potassium

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5
Q

Which are anions?

A

chloride
phosphate
bicarbonate

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6
Q

Which are intracellular?

A

potassium

phosphate

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7
Q

Which are extracellular?

A

sodium
chloride
bicarbonate

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8
Q

Which imblance is most common in surgery?

A

Respiratory acidosis

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9
Q

Which imbalance is most common in practice?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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10
Q

4 types of imbalances

A

Metabolic acidosis/ bicarb deficit
Metabolic alkalosis/ bicarb excess
Respiratory acidosis/ carbonic acid excess
Respiratory alkalosis/ carbonic acid deficit

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11
Q

Causes and clinical signs of metabolic acidosis

A

Causes: D+, renal dz, diabetes, overuse of acidic drugs, severe burns, & open wounds

Clinical signs: increased CO2, CNS depression

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12
Q

Causes and clinical signs of metabolic alkalosis

A

Causes: severe V+

Clinical signs: over- excited CNS, tetany, twitching, convulsions

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13
Q

Causes and clinical signs of respiratory acidosis

A

Causes: Barbiturates, prolonged anesthesia, trauma, any respiratory compensation increasing CO2 retention

Clinical signs: Rapid shallow breathing from inhibited lung function, CNS depression, confusion, ataxia, coma

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14
Q

Causes and clinical signs of respiratory alkalosis

A

Causes: Hyperventilation, heatstroke, F+, O2 and CO2 deficits, excitement, and drug induced stimluation

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15
Q

Routes of fluid administration

A 
IV
IO
SQ
IP
PO
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16
Q

How long can a juglar, through the needle catheter stay in?

A

10-12 days

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17
Q

How long can an over the needle/ cephalic catheter stay in?

A

72 hours, 2-3 days

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18
Q

How long can a butterfly catheter stay in for?

A

2 hours

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19
Q

Calculation for rehydration/ deficit?

A

Wt (kg) X % dehydration X 1000ml

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20
Q

Calculation for maintenance?

A

Adults: 50ml/kg/day

Pediatric: 110ml/kg/day

IF FEVERED ADD 10%

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21
Q

Calculation for specific losses?

A

V+: 1ml/lb per episode
D+: estimate by sight
PU: 1lb of urine = 500ml

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22
Q

Sizes of adult administration sets?

A

10, 15 & 20

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23
Q

Is physiologic saline a crystalloid or colloid? and is it isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic?

A

Crystalloid, & istonic

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24
Q

Another name for physiologic saline

A

0.9% NaCl

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25
Q

Is LRS a crystalloid or colloid? and is it isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic?

A

Crystalloid, & isotonic

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26
Q

Is ringers solution a crystalloid or colloid? and is it isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic?

A

Crystalloid & isotonic

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27
Q

Is Normosol R a crystalloid or colloid? and is it isotonic, hypertonic or hypetonic?

A

Crystalloid & istonic

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28
Q

Is Multisol R a crystalloid or colloid? and is it isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic?

A

Crystalloid & isotonic

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29
Q

Is plasmalyte a crystalloid or colloid? and is it isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic?

A

Crystalloid and isotonic

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30
Q

Are NaCl’s 3%, 4%, 5%, 7%, & 23.4% crystalloids or colloids? and are they isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic?

A

Crystalloids & hypertonic

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31
Q

Is 5% dextrose in water a crystalloid or colloid? and is it isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic?

A

Crystalloid & hypotonic

32
Q

Is 2.5% dextrose/ 0.45% saline a crystalloid or colloid? and are they isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic?

A

Crystalloid & hypotonic

33
Q

Is dextrans 40/ dextrans 70 a crystalloid or colloid? and are they natural or synthetic?

A

Colloid & synthetic

34
Q

Is hetastarch (hespan) a crystalloid or colloid? and is it natural or synthetic?

A

Colloid & synthetic

35
Q

Is pentastarch a crystalloid or colloid? and is it natural or synthetic?

A

Colloid & synthetic

36
Q

Is oxypolygelatin (vetaplasma, oxyglobin, rapidvet plasma) a crystalloid or colloid? and is it natural or synthetic?

A

Colloid & synthetic

37
Q

Is plasma a crystalloid or colloid? and is it natural or synthetic?

A

Colloid & natural

38
Q

Is albumin a crystalloid or colloid? and is it natural or synthetic?

A

Colloid & natural

39
Q

Is whole blood (FWB) a crystalloid or colloid? and is it natural or synthetic?

A

Colloid & natural

40
Q

Diffusion:

A

Movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

41
Q

Osmosis:

A

Movement of H2O through a selective permeable membrane. Always from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

42
Q

What 3 systems all work together?

A

Pulmonary, blood buffers and renal systems

43
Q

Blood buffers work together to?

A

Maintain ratio of carbonic acid & bicarb

44
Q

Which systems act first?

A

Respiratory & circulatory systems

45
Q

How long do you scrub patient for?

A

3 minutes

46
Q

What is the only type of fluid that can go SQ?

A

Isotonic

47
Q

Fluids should be at what temperature?

A

Must be AT LEAST room temperature but ideally the body temp of patient

48
Q

What route has the slowest uptake?

A

SQ 6-8 hours

49
Q

What catheters are used for IV fluids?

A

Over the needle catheters

50
Q

What route is has the second fastest uptake?

A

IO, last resort

51
Q

What fluids must be given IV?

A

Hypertonic & hypotonic

52
Q

What are isotonic fluids used for?

A

To replace body fluids

53
Q

What are hypertonic fluids used for?

A

To draw water from tissue

54
Q

What are hypotonic fluids used for?

A

To rehydrate tissue

55
Q

What fluid is most commonly used for surgery?

A

Lactated ringers solution

56
Q

What is LRS contraindicated with?

A

Blood transfusions

57
Q

What is physiologic saline contraindicated with?

A

Cardiac dz

58
Q

What is ringers solution contraindicated with?

A

Acidotic patients

59
Q

Which fluids are calcium free?

A

Multisol- R & Normosol R

60
Q

Hypertonic solutions are contraindicated with?

A

Renal/ cardiac failure

61
Q

Hypotonic solutions are contraindicated with?

A

Pulmonary/ cerebral edema

62
Q

What are colloids used for?

A

Hypotension, hypovolemic shock, & vascualr expansion

63
Q

What color sticker must you put on a bag of fluids if something has been added?

A

Neon orange

64
Q

What are the 5 fluid additives?

A 
50% dextrose
Potassium chloride
Sodium bicarbonate
Calcium
Vitamins
65
Q

What is 50% dextrose commonly used for?

A

Patients prone to hypoglycemia

66
Q

What does sodium bicarb correct?

A

Acidosis

67
Q

What forms can calcium be given?

A

Calcium gluconate & calcium chloride

68
Q

What fluids are given for shock?

A

LRS or Multisol R/ Normosol R

69
Q

What fluids are given for acute renal failure?

A

0.9% saline (normal saline)

70
Q

What fluids are given for chronic renal failure?

A

Normosol R, LRS, or 0.9% NaCl

71
Q

What fluids are given for urolithiasis?

A

Multisol R & Normosol R

72
Q

What fluids are given for acidosis?

A

LRS

73
Q

If patiend is severely dehydrated, how much fluids do we give?

A

80%

74
Q

How do we get a TFN for 24 hours?

A

Add up deficit, maintenance, and specific losses

75
Q

Fluid infusion rate for routine surgery?

A

5-10 mls/kg/hr

Anesthesia 2 (9 decks)

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