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Anesthesia 2 > 5/30 Ch 5 Rad Test > Flashcards

5/30 Ch 5 Rad Test Flashcards

1
Q

The difference in density and mass of two adjacent anatomic structures.

A

Subject contrast

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2
Q

The measurable/visible difference between two radiographic densties.

A

Contrast

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3
Q

The relation of the height of the lead strips to the distance between them.

A

Grid ratio

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4
Q

Non-image forming radiation that is scattered in all directions because of objects in the path of the primary beam.

A

Scatter

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5
Q

X-rays turn radiographic what color?

A

Black

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6
Q

Provide 4 factors that can affect radiographic density.

A

mAs, kVp, developer time and temp, & tissue density.

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7
Q

Loss of detail due to geometric distortion.

A

Geometric unsharpness

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8
Q

Provide two examples of geometric distortion.

A

Elongation, magnification, and foreshortening

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9
Q

What metal do grids contain that allows them to absorb scatter radiation?

A

Lead

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10
Q

If a dog is being radiographed for hip dysplasia, what will occur if the femurs are NOT parallel to the film?

A

Foreshortening

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11
Q

What occurs when the image appears lighter, with distinct white lines over the underexposed areas of the film?

A

Grid cutoff

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12
Q

What is the primary exposure factor that controls scatter radiation?

A

kVp

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13
Q

What anatomic areas are best viewed using a short scale?

A

Bone

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14
Q

What anatomic areas are best viewed using a long scale?

A

Soft tissue

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15
Q

What is the primary exposure factor that affects density?

A

mAs

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16
Q

Wat is the primary exposure factor that affects contrast?

A

kVp

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17
Q

In terms of subject contrast, what structure is considered the densest?

A

Bone

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18
Q

In terms of subject contrast, what structure is considered the least dense?

A

Gas-filled areas

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19
Q

When viewing a radiograph that appears to be over penetrated, what exposure factor will you adjust?

A

kVp, decrease by 10-15%

20
Q

What is the thicknessof the lead strips in a grid?

A

0.5mm

21
Q

Where is the Potter Bucky diaphragm normally found on an x-ray table?

A

Under the table (moves during exposure)

22
Q

What is used to desrcibe image sharpness, clarity, distinctness and perceptibility?

A

Radiographic detail

23
Q

High contrast =?

A

Short scale

24
Q

Low contrast=?

A

Long scale

25
Q

A radiograph with an increased number of grey tones exhibits?

A

Long scale of contrast

26
Q

A radiograph that is mainly black and whites (few shades of grey) exhibits?

A

Short scale of contrast

27
Q

If a radiograph appears to be overexposed, has an overall black appearance, but the contrast is not affected, what exposure factor will you adjust for the re-take?

A

Decrease mA by 30-50%

28
Q

mA=?

A

Density

29
Q

kVp=?

A

Contrast

30
Q

Most scatter radiation comes from?

A

Patient

31
Q

What is the spacer material in grids made of?

A

Fiber, aluminum, or plastic

32
Q

A grid reduces scatter by how much?

A

85-90%

33
Q

Grid focus

A

The distance between the source of x-rays and the grid in which the grid is effective without grid cutoff.

34
Q

Lines per centimeter

A

The number of lead strips per centimeter area of a grid.

35
Q

Grid cutoff

A

A progressive decrease in transmitted x-ray intensity caused by absorption of primary x-rays by the grid lines.

36
Q

Grid efficiency

A

The ability of a grid to absorb non-image forming radiation in the produciton of a quality radiograph.

37
Q

Grid ratio

A

The relation of the height of the lead strips to the distance between them.

38
Q

Grid factor

A

The amount the exposure needs to be increased to compensate for the grid’s absorption of a portion of the primary beam.

39
Q

Which grid pattern is the most common?

A

Linear

40
Q

Which grid type is most common?

A

Focused grid

41
Q

What are Potter-Bucky Diaphragms usually used for?

A

Large animal, human medicine and moves back and forth during exposure

42
Q

Geometric unsharpness

A

Loss of detail due to geometric distortion

43
Q

Geometric Distortion

A

Variation in normal size and shape of anatomic structures due to their position in relation to the x-ray source and film.

44
Q

Elongation

A

Distortion of anatomic structures so that the image appears longer than actual size, owing to the x-ray beam not being directed perpendicular to the film surface.

45
Q

Foreshortening

A

Distortion of anatomic structures when the image appears shorter than actual size due to the plane of interest not being parallel to the film surface.

46
Q

Fast or slow motion gives more detail?

A

Slow

Anesthesia 2 (9 decks)

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