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Year 3 Paediatrics > 4. Special Needs > Flashcards

4. Special Needs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of normal development?

A 
Constant pattern
Sequential acquisition of skills
Median age vs maximum age
Genetic factors
Environmental factors
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2
Q

What is a learning disability?

A

A significant impairtent in intellectual function, affects the persons ability to learn and problem solve in early life. It has been present since childhood.

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3
Q

How do children present with disabilities?

A 
Routine health surveillance
Children with identified risks (premature, problems during birth/spent time in neonatal)
Parental concern
Professional contact
Uk healthy child program
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4
Q

What is involved on history and examination in clinic?

A 
Parental, perinatal, postnatal events
Developmental milestones
The red book
Environmental, social and family history
Video recording of child
Observation in clinic
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5
Q

What are some of the primary care assessment tools?

A

ASQ
PEDS
M-CHAT
SOGs-2

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6
Q

What are the secondary care assess,ent tools?

A

Griffiths mental development scales
Bayley scales of infant development
Wechsler preschool and primary scales of intelligence

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7
Q

What are key things to assess on history and examination when looking at a childs growth?

A 
Family history of genetic disorders
Miscarriages
Gestational history
Alcohol and drug use in pregnancy 
Record medications 
Lead and iron 
Growth records
Neuroimaging
Vision and hearing surveillance
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8
Q

What aspects do you look for on the examination?

A 
Head circumference
Dysmprohic feathers
Skin abnormalities
Movement qualities
Ability to sit and stand from saline
Eye movements and eye examination
CVS,RESP
Abdo exam
Obervation of behaviour
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9
Q

What are some common syndromes picked up?

A

Down syndrome
Fragile X- broad forehead, prominent ears,chin. Delayed, hyper mobile
Williams syndrome- elephant lime features low set ears

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10
Q

What are some red flag signs of child development?

A 
Child is losing skills
Vision/hearing
Too floppy
No speech by 18-24 months
Asymmetry
Head circumference on the extreme upper or lower ranges
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11
Q

What are some green flags

A 
Sit unsupported by 12 months
Walk by 18 months-2 years
Walk 
Run by 2.5 years
Hold objects in hand by 5 months
Reach by 6 months
Points to objects to share interest by share 2 years
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12
Q

What are the primary investigations you would do

A

Streamline by differential!
Chromosomal analysis, fragile X, array CGH
Creatinine kinase
Thyroid screening
Metabolic testing: amino and organic acid, NH4, lactate
Hearing/vision tests
Neuroimaging (after 2)

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13
Q

What are the common motor problems?

A

Delayed maturation
Cerebral palsy
Developmental co-ordination disorder

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14
Q

What are the common sensory problems?

A

Deafness
Visual impairment
Multi sensory impairment

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15
Q

What are the common language problems?

A

Specific language impairment

Learning disability

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16
Q

What are the common social/communication problems

A

Autism, aspergers, elective mutism

17
Q

Who is involved in dealing with children with special needs?

A 
Developmental paediatrician
Speech and language therapist
OT/PT: functional impairment and strengths
Psychologist
Social worker
Geneticist
18
Q

How do assess a child with suspected cerebral palsy?

A 
Motor development
Posture
Tone
Primitive reflexes
Diagnosis
Prognostic factors
19
Q

What do you do with an autistic kid

A 
School advised via educational psychologist 
DLA
In house training for parents
Refer to clinical genetics 
Fragile X and Rhet’s syndrome 
FBC, TFT, CK,U&E
20
Q

What services can help support a diabled child?

A

Community paediatric clinic
Child development teams
MDT
Therapy services

21
Q

What is meant by additional support needs

A

Additional support with their education

22
Q

Why would a child require Advanced support learning?

A

Difficulties with mainstream approaches to learning

Disability or health needs, such as motor or sensory
impairment, learning difficulties or autistic
spectrum disorder.

Family circumstances e.g. young people who are
carers or parents.

23
Q

What is an individualised education plans (IEP)

A

Non legal document that outlines a detailed plan for a child’s learning
It sets out SMART goals and how they will be achieved

Not a legal document

24
Q

What is a co-ordinated support plan?

A

Legal requirement that details what a child’s support needs are and who would provide them.

25
Q

What is GIRFEC?

A

Getting it right for every child
Contains information about:

why a child or young person needs support
the type of support they will need
how long they will need support and who should provide it.

26
Q

What are the long term prognostic factors?

A

Depends on nature of problem
Acquisition of skill
Social and emotional needs
Personal attributes, family, social surroundings and level of care received

Year 3 Paediatrics (42 decks)

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