17.2 Infectious Diseases In Children 3 Flashcards
Why would a neonate get a HSV virus?
Mother has a n infection within genital tract and does not deliver by ceaserian
Baby will present by day 4-21
What are some complications of a neonatal having the herpes simplex virus?
70-80% disseminated CNS infections
Sepsis
Meningocephalitis
Hepatitis (jaundice, bleeding)
20-30% skin/eye/mouth disease
What is hand foot and mouth disease?
Caused by enteroviruses, coxsackie A16 and enterovirus 71
Children<10 years
Occurs in summer and early autumn
How does hand foot and mouth disease present?
Exanthema
Painful lesions
Recovery in 5-10 days
May cause complicated disease in neonates
What physical barriers do we have against infection?
Skin Mucous membranes Mechanical defences Chemical defences (e,g, high acid content in stomach) Microbiome
What are the outcomes of HSV infection in neonates?
High mortality
Without aciclovir>50%
With aciclovir <20-30%
What are primary immunodeficiencies?
Rare conditions that infect one specific part of the immune system
Usually causes by a single genetic defect
What are secondary immunodeficiency
Not a natural immunodeficiency
Caused by things such as steroids and chemotherapy
How many viral infections does a child get per year?
Around 12
What are the 10 signs of immunodeficiency?
- More than 4 ear infections a year
- More than 2 isnus infections a year
- 2 or more months of infections a year
- 2 or more pneumonia’s per year
- Unclear failure to thrive———> key
- Deep skin or organ abscesses———> key
- Thrush or fungal organism in skin
- Need for IV antibiotics to clear infections———> key
- Septicaemia
- Family history ————> key
What is an easier acronym for the types of infections?
Serious
Persistant
Unusual
Recurrent
Family history
What investigations should you do for a suspected immunodeficiency
FBC Immunoglobulins HIV test Functional antibodies- vaccine responses (most kids vaccinated at 2,3,4 months) Lymphocyte subsets NBT Complement
How will immunodeficincies present if you are B cell deficient?
You are antibody deficient
Present with recurrent bacterial infections (skin, chest)
What will happen if there is a problems with your T cells?
Opportunistic severe or unusual viral infections
What happens if there are problems with your innate immune system?
Sepsis
Abscess
Fungal infections
