haematological malignancy Flashcards
what proportion of cancers are haematological ?
10%
what cells become cancerous in acute myeloid leukaemia ?
myeloid progenitor cells
what cells become cancerous in acute lymphoid leukaemia ?
lymphoid progenitor cells
what cells become cancerous in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia ?
B lymphocytes
what cells become cancerous in lymphomas ?
t-lymphocytes
what cells become cancerous in multiple myelomas
plasma cells
what are features of acute leukaemia ?
cells do not differentiate
bone marrow failure
rapidly fatal if untreated
potentially curable
what are features of chronic leukaemia ?
retain ability to differentiate
proliferation without bone marrow failure
survival for a few years
potentially curable
where in the lymph nodes to B cells, T cells and plasma cells reside ?
B cells - follicles
T cells - paracortex
plasma cells - medulla
what is indicated in a localised and painful lymph node ?
bacterial infection in draining site
what is indicated in localised and painless lymph node ?
rare infection
metastatic carcinoma from draining site - HARD
lymphoma - rubbery
reactive - no cause
what is indicated by generalised and painful lymph nodes ?
viral infection, EBV, CMV, hepatitis, HIV
what is indicated by general and painless lymph nodes ?
lymphoma leukaemia connective tissue disease - sarcoidosis reactive drugs
what are different lymphoma presentations ?
nodal disease - >90% of HL, 60% NHL
extra nodal disease - 40% NHL with extra nodal
systemic symptoms - fever, sweats, loss of weight, pruritus, fatigue
what are the major groups of haematological malignancy ?
acute leukaemias - ALL, AML chronic leukaemias - CML, CLL malignant lymphomas - NHL, HL multiple myeloma myelodysplastic syndromes chronic myeloproliferative disease
