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Human Geography > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Accessibilty

A

A variable quality of location, expressing the opportunity for interaction with other locations

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2
Q

Cartogram

A

A thematic map there the size and shape of spatial areas are intentionally distorted and replaced by the relative magnitude of the geographic phenomena (eg a countries wealth as measured by gross domestic product)

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3
Q

Cartography

A

The art and science of making maps

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4
Q

Choropleth Map

A

A thematic map using colour or shading to indicate the intensity of geographic phenomena (eg. population density) is a given area.

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5
Q

Clustered (agglomerated)

A

One of two common forms of concentration; occurs when the distance between geographic phenomenon is small; clustering occurs when geographic phenomena move closer together sometimes around a nucleus

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6
Q

Concentration

A

The spread of geographic phenomena over a given area

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7
Q

Connectivity

A

The direct and indirect linkages between two or more locations

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8
Q

Contagious Diffusion

A

One of two forms of expansion diffusion in which geographic phenomena spread rapidly and throughout an area

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9
Q

Cultural Diffusion

A

The process of cultural phenomena spreading over space and through time

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10
Q

Cultural Landscape

A

The characteristic or overall appearance of a particular area or location, resulting from human modification of the natural environment

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11
Q

Density

A

A measure of the relationship between the number of geographic phenomena and unit of area; typically expressed as a ratio

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12
Q

Dispersed (Deglomerated)

A

One of the two common forms of concentration; occurs when the distance between geographical phenomena is large; dispersion occurs when points move apart from one another

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13
Q

Distance Decay

A

The effects of distance on spatial interaction; generally, the intensity of interaction declines with increasing distance

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14
Q

Distribution

A

The spatial arrangement of geographic phenomena within an area; includes density, concentration and pattern

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15
Q

Dot Map

A

A thematic map where dots of scale-adjusted symbols represent geographic phenomena

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16
Q

Expansion Diffusion

A

One of two basic forms of diffusion in which geographic phenomena spread from one area to another through an additive process

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17
Q

Fieldwork

A

A means of collecting data and insight into geographic issues; involves the collection of information outside a laboratory, library, or workplace setting one of the key traditions of geographic inquiry

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18
Q

Formal (or uniform) Region

A

An area (region) that possesses a certain degree of uniformity with respect to one or more physical or cultural traits

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19
Q

Friction of Distance

A

A measure of the restraining effect of distance on human interaction and movement; generally, grater time and cost are incurred with increasing distance

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20
Q

Funcational (or nodal) Region

A

An area (region) organized around a node or focal point, and unified by specific economic, political, or social activity.

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21
Q

Geograpic Information System (GIS)

A

A system of computer hardware and software that facilitated the collection, storage, analysis, and display of spatially referenced data through layered maps.

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22
Q

Geographic Scale

A

The territorial extent of level analysis, such as local, regional, and global.

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23
Q

Geographical (spatial) Perspective

A

The approach that geographers utilizing their study of the human and physical environments of the earth; a view of observing variations in geographic phenomena on the earth’s surface

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24
Q

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A

A satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of geographic phenomena

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25
Q

Hearth

A

The area where a particular cultural trait originates

26
Q

Heirarchical Diffusion

A

One of two forms of expansion diffusion in which geographic phenomena spread first to key people of the place and the gradually throughout the rest of a population of an area

27
Q

Human Geography

A

One of two branches of geography; the study of patterns and processes of the earth’s human or social environments including population change, economic, cultures, politics, settlements, and human interactions with the natural environment

28
Q

Isopleth Map

A

A thematic map using line to connect the location of equal value with respect to a geographic phenomenon

29
Q

Landscape

A

The characteristics, or overall appearance. of a particular area or location, comprising a combination of natural and human influences

30
Q

Latitiude

A

The angular distance of a point on the surface of the earth, measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds, north and south of the equator; lines of constant latitude are called parallels

31
Q

Location

A

A particular position in space; a specific part of the earth’s surface; used in absolute, relative and nominal forms.

32
Q

Longitutde

A

The angular distance of a point on the surface measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds, east and west of the prime meridian, which runs through Greewich, UK; lines of constant longitude are called meridians.

33
Q

Map Scale

A

The relationship between the size of a geographic feature on a map and the corresponding actual size of the feature on the earth’s surface.

34
Q

Map

A

Typically, a flat representation of the earth’s surface or a portion of it, and its geographical features including people, places and geographical phenomena

35
Q

Mental (percpetual) Map

A

An image of spatial representation (map of the way space is organized, as influenced by an individual’s knowledge or lived experience in that space

36
Q

Pattern

A

The geometric, regular, or other spatial arrangements of geographical phenomena in a given area.

37
Q

Perception

A

The process by which humans acquire information about the physical and social enviornment; a way of interpreting one’s lived experience

38
Q

Physical Geography

A

One of the two branches of geography; the study of patterns and processes of the earth’s natural or physical environment, including climate, topography, geology, soils, and ecosystems.

39
Q

Place

A

A location that has acquired a particular meaning or significance.

40
Q

Placelessness

A

The nature of locations that lack uniqueness or individual character, used in homogeneous and standardized landscapes

41
Q

Projection

A

A process to transform the spherical earth’s surface into a two-dimensional map; a process to transform locations from the earth’s surface into a flat map

42
Q

Reference Map

A

A map portraying the absolute locations of places and geographic phenomena using a standard frame of reference, such as the global grid (longitude and latitude).

43
Q

Region

A

A part of the earth’s surface that displays internal homogeneity and is relatively distinct from surrounding areas according to certain criteria; a contiguous spatial unit

44
Q

Regionalization

A

The process of classifying locations or areas of earth’s surface into various regions

45
Q

Relocation Diffusion

A

One of two basic forms of diffusion, in which the geographic phenomena are physically moving from one area to another, such as through immigration or trade

46
Q

Remote Sensing

A

A series of techniques used for collectin spatial data though instruments (sensors and cameras in satellites, airplanes and drones) That are physically distant from the object of study

47
Q

Sacred Place

A

a location with particular significance to an individual or group, usually (but not necessarily) for religious reasons.

48
Q

Site

A

The physical attributes or characteristics of a location, including its topography, climate, water, resources, vegetation, and so on.

49
Q

Situation

A

The geographic context of a location, relative to other locations, including its economic, political, and social characteristics.

50
Q

Space

A

The area extent of something; used in both absolute (objective) and relative (perceptual) forms.

51
Q

Spatial Interaction

A

The nature and extent of spatial interaction are related to the distance between locations and the physical and intangible connections between them.

52
Q

Spatial

A

Refers to space in the earth’s surface; synonymous with geographic

53
Q

Thematic Map

A

An analytical tool to illustrate and emphasize the spatial variation of a particular theme or attribute

54
Q

Time Zone

A

A region of the earth that observes a uniform standard of time

55
Q

Toponym

A

The common name given to a location; a place name

56
Q

Vernacular (or perceptual) Region

A

An area (region) identified on the basis of the perceptions held by people inside or outside the region, or both

57
Q

Charles Gritzner

A

American Geographer who coined the phrase “WHere is where, why there, and why care?”

58
Q

Human Geography is a distinct social science because?

A

It uses tools like maps and geomatic technologies that other social sciences do not

59
Q

The forst Law of Geography

A

“Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things.”

60
Q

Five Core Concepts of Geography

A

Space, location, place, region, and distance.

61
Q

Core concepts related to interaction

A

Distribution, diffusion, distance decay, accessibility, and connection

Human Geography (3 decks)

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