Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutr through life > Pregnancy Energy + Macros > Flashcards

Pregnancy Energy + Macros Flashcards

1
Q

Why is there an increase in BEE during pregnancy?

A
  • energy for fetus and uterus

- work of lungs and heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What composes the fat free mass (FFM) in women during pregnancy?

A
  • blood volume
  • muscle mass
  • fetus and uterine tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How TEE of pregnant women is calculated?

A

TEE of nonpregnant + 8kcal/week (median change in TEE) + 180 kcal/day (energy deposition)
1st trimester => TEE + 0 + 0
2nd trimester => TEE + 340
3rd trimester => TEE + 452

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Additional protein requirement is based on what?

A
  • support of growth

- maintenance of additional stores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which trimester requires higher additional proteins?

A

3rd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What food groups pregnant women can eat to decrease the risks of LBW?

A

dairy, meat and fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When women should start increasing their pro intake prior to conception?

A

5-7 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the glucose adaptation of pregnancy?

A
  1. decreased maternal fasting blood glucose
  2. increasing insulin resistance
  3. increase risks of ketosis (more during 1st trimester) => teratogenic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the amount of glucose transfer from the mother to the fetus each day?

A

17-26 g => mean = 23 g = 70% of fetus brain requirement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What should be the mother’s glucose intake during pregnancy?

A

usual intake (100g) + fetus utilization (35 g) = 135g/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the guidelines for fiber intake during pregnancy?

A

none

no evidence of additional benefits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some physiological adaptations to micronutrients during pregnancy?

A

increase efficiency in intestinal absorption of Ca, P, B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the Ca requirement for pregnant women?

A

there is no need for increase Ca intake during pregnancy

No use of the mother’s skeleton for fetus Ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why is there a decrease in serum Mg during pregnancy?

A

hemodilution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is there an increase in Mg requirement during pregnancy?

A

weight gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is there an increase in Fe requirement during pregnancy?

A
  • increase Hb mass

- deposit to fetus

17
Q

What are the consequences of very low Fe during pregnancy?

A

low blood to placenta = higher workload on heart = risks of maternal death

18
Q

What are the risks associated with anemia during pregnancy?

A

[Hb] w/ LBW, prematurity and fetal death => U shape
low Hb => decrease O2 supply to fetus
high => associated w/ hypovolumia = maternal HTN and preeclampsia

19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Iron supplementation is not necessary during pregnancy.

A

False
pre-pregnancy Fe stores unknown
high incidence of anemia among pregnant and non-pregnant women

20
Q

On what is based the requirement for Fe during pregnancy?

A

needs for 3rd trimester to build stores

21
Q

Why there was a change in K AI?

A
  • decrease bc no proof that a higher intake decreases risk of chronic diseases
  • AI was not reached by 99% of the population
22
Q

Why the AI in K for pregnant women is higher than non-pregnant women?

A

higher food intake

23
Q

What is the guideline regarding Na intake for pregnant women?

A

-additional Na needed over 9 months is so minimal
-since no evidence that lower Na prevent pregnancy-induced HTN
= same as non-pregnant women

24
Q

How does thiamin requirement change during pregnancy?

A

increase by 30% => increase in growth and in energy utilization (small)

25
Q

What can cause a low intake of riboflavin during pregnancy?

A

ariboflavinosis

26
Q

What is the recommendation for B6?

A

increase bc of fetal use and placenta deposit, no storage

27
Q

What is the recommendation for folate during pregnancy?

A 
increase :
- single carbon rx
- cell division: 
uterine enlargement
placental development 
RBC expansion
fetal growth
28
Q

What is the primary indicator of adequate folate intake?

A

erythrocyte folate maintenance = reflects stores

29
Q

Is a folate supplementation of 100 ug/day is enough for a low folate diet?

A

NO

30
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

dietary folate has the same bioavailability than dietary folate

A

false

synthetic 2x more bioavailable

31
Q

What source of vitamin B12 is used by the fetus between the maternal liver stores or readily absorbed from diet?

A

from diet

32
Q

Why choline is important during pregnancy?

A

embryogenesis and prenatal development

=> increase choline transfer to fetus

33
Q

What are the risks of a low choline diet during pregnancy?

A
  • liver disease
  • hypomethylation (role in methionine metabolism)
  • higher cortisol in fetus = risk for chronic diseases
34
Q

Which lifestyle factors affect vit C requirement during pregnancy?

A
  • alcohol use
  • smoking
  • aspirin use
35
Q

What is the recommendation for vit A?

A

increase in last trimester

36
Q

What is the recommendation for vit D?

A

no evidence for increase but supplement in prenatal vit is ok

Nutr through life (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions