Chapter 2

Question 1

Sovereignty

Answer 1

• Most essential characteristic of an international state
• The term strongly implies political independence from any higher authority and also suggests at least theoretical equality

Question 2

Nationalism

Answer 2

-Most important sense of political identity and one that interconnects people, government, and territory

Question 3

Democracy

Answer 3

-A system of government that at minimum extends to citizens a range of political rights and a range of civil liberties that are important to free government

Question 4

Territorial State

Answer 4

• Political organization based on a ruler or on a cultural group such as a tribe
• Political connection of those living in the territory is to the ruler or group, not to the territory itself

Question 5

Detente

Answer 5

-A cold war policy involving the United States, the Soviet Union, and China that sought to open relations among the countries and ease tensions

Question 6

Containment Doctrine

Answer 6

-U.S. policy that sought to contain Communism during the Cold War

Question 7

WMDs

Answer 7

-Generally deemed to be nuclear weapons with a tremendous capability to destroy a population and the planet

Question 8

Asymmetrical Warfare

Answer 8

-A strategy by which a national military or other armed force, including a terrorist organization, that is relatively small and lightly equipped attacks a militarily stronger opponent by using unconventional means

Question 9

Understand what multipolar systems are and the rise, context, and history of the system

Answer 9

• Multipolar Systems—a world political system in which power is primarily held by 4 or more international actors
• 1700’s-1800’s saw the most powerful multipolar system which governed relations among the globally dominant European powers from the Treaty in Westphalia in 1648 through the mid 20th century.
• The multipolar system was designed to preserve the balance of power by preventing any single power or alliance from dominating Europe, and by extension, the world.

Question 10

Understand what bipolar systems are and the rise, context, and history of the system

Answer 10

• Two roughly equal actors divide the international system into two poles
• WWII destroyed the multipolar structure in Europe
• The US and USSR formed the bipolar system soon after
• Containment Doctrine, NATO, Soviet Union was dissolved when Berlin’s wall fell

Question 11

East/West Axis, who are the actors? COLD WAR

Answer 11

-United States, Soviet Union

Question 12

-When was unipolarity achieved? How has there been a shift away from this polarity? Is it limited? What will happen in the future?

Answer 12

• Unipolar system— a type of international system that describes a single country with complete global hegemony.
• It was achieved soon after the Cold War (1990’s?).
• There is an attempt to shift to a multipolar system.
• It is a limited system, as countries have become so intertwined and reliant on one another.
• In the future, the hegemony of the U.S. will end

Question 13

Barber’s McWorld (globalization)

Answer 13

• Political integration—increase in number and importance of international actors
• Economic interdependence
• Social integration— disintegrates local culture, homogenization to an extent

Question 14

Jihad (tribalism)

Answer 14

• Ethnic rivalries and tribalism—state disintegration (ex. former Yugoslavia, Kosovo, Sudan, and Darfur)
• Increased number of refugees
• Movement toward autonomy (ex. Quebec)

Question 15

EDC/LDC

Answer 15

• Economically developed countries

- Less-developed countries—southern countries

Question 16

What is economic interdependence?

Answer 16

-The intertwining of national economies in the global economy, means that countries are increasingly less self-sufficient