Chapter 5/6

Question 1

State

Answer 1

A political actor that has sovereignty and a number of characteristics, including territory, population, organization, and recognition.

Question 2

Sovereignty

Answer 2

The most essential characteristic of an international state. It strongly implies political independence from any higher authority and also suggests at least theoretical equality.

Question 3

How does sovereignty differ from independence?

Answer 3

Sovereignty refers to political independence from any higher authority and suggests at least theoretical equality while independence refers to complete freedom from another state or entity.

Question 4

Territory

Answer 4

States generally have a geographic area and physical boundaries, but there are exceptions; state boundaries can expand, contract or shift dramatically.

Question 5

Population

Answer 5

States don’t exist without people, citizenship has become more fluid (Europe)

Question 6

Diplomatic recognition

Answer 6

A state must have recognition by some other countries in order for it to be accepted as a state

Question 7

Internal organization

Answer 7

There must be some level of political and economic structure, but states continue in times of turmoil and anarchy

Question 8

Domestic support

Answer 8

There must be support and belief in the state by some part of the population

Question 9

Sovereignty

Answer 9

Most important characteristic of a state, implies legal equality among states but the system is far from equal. In theory, it’s synonymous with independence. Power is relative and sovereignty is not always absolute.

Question 10

What are the 6 characteristics of the state?

Answer 10

• Territory
• Population
• Diplomatic recognition
• Internal organization
• Domestic support
• Sovereignty

Question 11

What is the purpose of the state?

Answer 11

To be able to provide utility to its people. It should provide a stable economy, currency, national defense, and in some cases a shelter. There are many different ideas as to what a state should provide.

Question 12

Hobbes

Answer 12

People join together out of fear and create governments for protection.

Question 13

Locke

Answer 13

People join together because cooperation improves the lives of all; protection of life/liberty/natural law.

Question 14

Social contract

Answer 14

People join together in societies surrendering some sovereign powers for individual betterment.

Question 15

State of nature

Answer 15

A theoretical time in human history when people lived independently or in family groups and there were no societies of nonrelated individuals or governments.

Question 16

Instrumental theory of government

Answer 16

The notion that the purpose of political units and their governments is to benefit the people who established them and that the continued legitimate existence of these organizations rests on whether and how well they perform their tasks; governments serve utilitarian purposes

Question 17

Authoritarian

Answer 17

Those that allow little or no participation in decision making by individuals and groups outside the upper reaches of the government

Question 18

Theocracy

Answer 18

Rule by spiritual leaders.

Question 19

Monarchy

Answer 19

system of governance through hereditary rulers.

Question 20

Communism

Answer 20

The state owns the means of production as a system to expedite Engels and Marx’s economic theory.

Question 21

Fascism

Answer 21

An ideology that advocates extreme nationalism, with a heightened sense of national belonging or ethnic identity.

Ex. Benito Mussolini of Italy, Adolf Hitler of Germany

Question 22

Huntington “Clash of Civilizations”

Answer 22

Believes that nationalism will weaken as a source of identity. New cultural identifications will emerge, and countries will align themselves in 7 or 8 cultural blocs. These blocs will become the fundamental source of conflict as civilizations engage in prolonged and violent conflicts.

Question 23

Democratic peace theory

Answer 23

The idea that the spread of democracy to all countries would eliminate war.

Question 24

Kant

Answer 24

Reasoned that a democratic peace would occur because “if the consent of the citizens is required in order to decide that war should be declared…, nothing is more natural than that they would be very cautious in commencing such a poor game, decreeing for themselves all the calamities of war”

Question 25

Diplomacy

Answer 25

Applied power, used as a tool for national influence. Countries try to get other countries or international organizations to do what it wants them to do.

It involves building up a reserve of goodwill and respect, soft power, that can be drawn on in future negotiations or even confrontations to try to maintain allies, help ease tensions, or any other positive result.

Question 26

Multilateral diplomacy

Answer 26

Multiple states working together on the world stage. Travel and communications revolution, increasing recognition of global (transnational) concerns and issues.

Attractive to smaller countries as a way to influence policy. There are expectations that important international actions will be taken within multilateral organization framework.

Question 27

Leader-to-leader diplomacy

Answer 27

Direct between leaders of a state, summit meetings. Dynamic breakthroughs can occur with this type of diplomacy, false information can be dispelled.

Can potentially worsen a situation, leaders may not be fond of one another. Misunderstandings may occur and may be difficult to reverse.

Question 28

Democratized diplomacy

Answer 28

Represents a wider segment of society, different things end up having a great influence over policy.

Rise of the roles of legislatures, interest groups, and other expressions of popular opinion in diplomatic relations. Promotion of public diplomacy aimed at legislatures, interest groups, and other expressions of popular opinion.

Question 29

Parliamentary diplomacy

Answer 29

Debating and voting in international organizations. There is a reliance on the UN to pass resolutions when actions or inactions create tension or cause issues. Raises questions about sovereign equality.

Question 30

Open diplomacy

Answer 30

Widely open and reported diplomacy. The press is directly involved, public opinion plays a big part in this. Public negotiations can compromise ability to win concessions and lead diplomats to posture for public consumption.

Question 31

Public diplomacy

Answer 31

Use of propaganda, valuable tool used to exert power over one’s people. It’s the process of creating an overall international image that enhances a country’s ability to achieve diplomatic success.

Attempts to influence another country by appealing to emotions rather than logic. Can degenerate into disinformation.