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Earth and Space Science > TEST > Flashcards

TEST Flashcards

1
Q

A cool, gentle wind that blows from the land to the sea is a ____________________

A

Land breeze

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2
Q

Heat transfer by electromagnetic waves is ______________________

A

radiation

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3
Q

What very dry and often dusty wind blows in Southern California _____________________

A

Santa Ana

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4
Q

Air flowing up a mountain’s slope due to differences in temperature and pressure is a(n) ________________ wind.

A

anabatic

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5
Q

What type of radiation causes tanning and sunburns? ______________

A

UVB

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6
Q

The outermost layer of the atmosphere is the ______________________

A

exosphere

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7
Q

What type of wind occurs when dense, cold air flows from higher to lower elevation due to gravity? ______________________

A

fall wind

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8
Q

Which layer of the atmosphere “bounces” certain types of radio waves back toward the ground? _______________________

A

ionosphere

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9
Q

Heat transfer by moving currents of hot air is _________________

A

convection

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10
Q

What is the most powerful and dangerous form of UV radiation? _____________

A

UVC

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11
Q

The most abundant gas in the homosphere is ________________

A

nitrogen

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12
Q

The coldest point in the atmosphere is the _________________

A

mesopause

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13
Q

(land or water) Insolation warms _____________ more quickly than it warms ____________.

A

Insolation warms land more quickly than it warms water.

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14
Q

_____________ holds heat longer than ___________ does.

A

Water holds heat longer than land does.

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15
Q

A warm, dry wind that travels down a slope is a _____________

A

foehn

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16
Q

Which layer of the atmosphere is characterized by high temperatures? __________________________

A

thermosphere

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17
Q

The process in which the temperature of a gas rises as the gas is compressed with no heat lost is ____________________ heating.

A

adiabatic

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18
Q

What marks the upper boundary of the thermosphere? ____________________

A

thermopause

19
Q

Winds that reverse their direction from season to season are called __________________

A

monsoons

20
Q

BE ABLE TO LABEL EACH CONVECTION CELL ON A DRAWING…. ______,_______,_____

A

polar cell
Ferrel cell
Hadley cell

21
Q

The four main factors that affect insolation are______, _______, ________, ________

A

cloud cover, length of daylight, angle of the sun’s rays, Earth’s distance from the sun.

22
Q

The layer of the atmosphere that acts as a “shield” to protect the earth’s surface is the __________________________

A

ozone layer

23
Q

The scientific name for the northern and southern lights is _________________

A

auroras

24
Q

Upper troposphere waves that play a large part in the formation of cyclones and anticyclones are called _______________________

A

Rossby waves

25
Q

Least understood layer of the atmosphere___________________

A

mesosphere

26
Q

The atmosphere’s “weather layer” _______________________

A

troposphere

27
Q

Strong, steady winds but few changes of weather______________________

A

stratosphere

28
Q

Portion of the earth’s magnetic field that is affected by the solar winds________________________

A

magnetospere

29
Q

What is the blanket of gases that surrounds our planet? _____________________

A

ATMOSPHERE

please get this one right!!!

30
Q

What term refers to the amount of energy available to heat the earth’s land, water, and air? __________________ __________________

A

energy budget

31
Q

What beltlike regions surround the earth and trap particles from the solar wind?_______________ ___________________ ______________

A

Van Allen radiation belts

32
Q

What term refers to the decimal equivalent of solar radiation that an object reflects?______________________

A

albedo

33
Q

What is a circulating spiral of wind around a low-pressure system?__________________

A

cyclone

34
Q

Name the process that traps heat in the earth’s atmosphere. ___________________________

A

greenhouse effect

35
Q

Regions of high pressure and gentle winds at 30* north and south latitude____________________________

A

horse latitudes

36
Q

Equatorial zone where sailing ships were often left without wind______________

A

ITCZ

37
Q

Surface winds that blow from high-pressure regions toward the equator_______________________

A

trade winds

38
Q

High-altitude wind in a narrow, meandering band_________________

A

jet stream

39
Q

A circulating spiral of wind around a high-pressure system is called a(n)_____________________

A

anticyclone

40
Q

Extremely powerful radiation that comes from deep space is ___________________

A

cosmic rays

41
Q

The region in which a magnet affects other objects is the______________________

A

magnetic field

42
Q

The lower layer of the atmosphere is the ___________________________

A

homosphere

43
Q

The most important greenhouse gas is ___________________________

A

water vapor

44
Q

Atmospheric pressure at sea level is __________ pounds per square inch.

A

14.7

Earth and Space Science (7 decks)

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