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Earth and Space Science > TEST 9 > Flashcards

TEST 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the brilliant flash of a lightning bolt? _______________________

A

return stroke

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2
Q

Atmospheric pressure at sea level is ________ pounds per square inch.

A

14.7

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3
Q

Which type of front forms when two air masses push against each other but neither one advances? ______________________

A

stationary front

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4
Q

Which type of clouds are thunderstorm clouds?____________________________

A

cumulonimbus

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5
Q

A tropical cyclone with wind speeds of 74 miles per hour or more is a______________________________

A

hurricane

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6
Q

An electron stream that jerkily travels from a cloud during a thunderstorm is a_____________

A

stepped leader

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7
Q

Drops of liquid water that have a diameter of less than 0.5 millimeter and fall from clouds to the earth are_____________________

A

drizzle

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8
Q

What measures high-altitude weather conditions?______________________

A

weather balloon

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9
Q

The change in the direction of winds caused by earth’s rotation is the __________________ effect.

A

Coriolis

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10
Q

What 3 things affect insolation____________________, _______________, _________________

A

angle of sun’s rays
cloud cover
length of daytime

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11
Q

A wind that reverses its direction from season to season is a _________________________

A

monsoon

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12
Q

What is a large, rotating updraft in a supercell thunderstorm?_________________________

A

mesocyclone

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13
Q

The water that falls to the earth, including rain, sleet, hail, and snow is________________________

A

precipitation

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14
Q

Which air mass brings hot, dry weather?_______________

A

continental tropical

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15
Q

What are the major factors that determine the earth’s weather?______________, _________________, ______________________

A

water vapor
heat energy
uneven distribution of heat energy

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16
Q

The thunderstorm stage marked by the arrival of precipitation is the _________________ stage

A

mature

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17
Q

When the relative humidity is 100%, the air is ____________________

A

saturated

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18
Q

What phenomenon occurs when an area receives an abnormally low amount of atmospheric water over a long period?_______________

A

drought

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19
Q

What is water vapor in the air that touches the cooler ground and turns to a liquid?________________

A

dew

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20
Q

A tropical cyclone with wind speeds between 39 miles per hour and 74 miles per hour is a ___________

A

tropical storm

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21
Q

A narrow funnel of powerful, rapidly whirling wind that stretches from a cloud to the ground is a ________________

A

tornado

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22
Q

A fierce, single-updraft thunderstorm is a__________________________

A

supercell

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23
Q

The elevated water level caused by a hurricane’s winds is the _________________

A

storm surge

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24
Q

The shock wave produced as a lightning heats the air is___________________________

A

thunder

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25
Q

The farthest distance at which objects can be distinguished is the__________________

A

visibility

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26
Q

The most intense type of downburst is a ________________________

A

microburst

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27
Q

The boundary between two air masses is a _______________________

A

front

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28
Q

Heat transfer by electromagnetic waves is ______________________

A

radiation

29
Q

Which type of ultraviolet radiation is the least harmful? ________________

A

UVA

30
Q

The convection cell that exists between the equator and latitude 30* is the ____________________ cell

A

Hadley

31
Q

What is considered the outermost layer of the atmosphere?________________________

A

exosphere

32
Q

What is the most abundant gas in the homosphere?____________________

A

nitrogen

33
Q

Which type of cloud is characteristically almond shaped?___________________________

A

lenticular

34
Q

Surface winds that blow from high-pressure regions toward the equator are_____________ _______________

A

trade winds

35
Q

A thick, brownish haze that results from complex molecules released into the air by vehicles and some factories and plants is_____________________

A

photochemical smog

36
Q

The boundary formed when a cold air mass moves into the territory of a warm air mass is a ______________________

A

cold front

37
Q

What is the coldest point in the atmosphere?_________________________

A

mesopause

38
Q

In clouds with temperatures above the freezing point, rain forms by the_________________________

A

collision-coalescence process

39
Q

Air flowing down a mountain’s slope due to differences in temperature and pressure is a _________________________ wind.

A

katabatic

40
Q

Tornadoes are classified using the Enhanced __________________ scale.

A

Fujita

41
Q

What is the movement of water from earth’s surface, into the air, and back to the surface?_________________

A

water cycle

42
Q

The extremely powerful radiation that comes from deep space is called_______________________

A

cosmic rays

43
Q

A circulating spiral of wind around a low-pressure system is a ____________________

A

cyclone

44
Q

Hurricanes are ranked on the _____________ Hurricane Wind scale.

A

Saffir-Simpson

45
Q

A single updraft system in a thunderstorm is a __________________

A

cell

46
Q

Air that is warm near the ground but very cold at higher altitudes is ____________________

A

unstable

47
Q

The rapidly swirling cloud that is the most distinctive visual feature of a tornado is a ___________

A

condensation funnel

48
Q

“Lines of equal heat” are known as ____________________

A

isotherms

49
Q

A tornado that forms over water is called a _

A

waterspout

50
Q

A weather instrument that simultaneously measures and transmits meteorological data from weather balloons to weather stations is a__________________

A

radiosonde

51
Q

The center of a hurricane is the ___________________

A

eye

52
Q

Maps that give a summary of the weather conditions throughout the entire country at a single point in time are________________

A

surface weather charts

53
Q

Measures the distance from the ground to the base of the clouds_______________________

A

ceilometer

54
Q

Indicates the direction of wind_________________________

A

weather vane

55
Q

Measures the amount of precipitation __________

A

rain gauge

56
Q

Uses radio waves to detect objects and measure their distance_________________

A

radar

57
Q

Measures wind speed____________________

A

anemometer

58
Q

Measures atmospheric pressure________________

A

barometer

59
Q

Measures air temperature_________________

A

thermometer

60
Q

Measures relative humidity___________

A

hygrometer

61
Q

A rotating column of air that starts on the ground and is not associated with a cloud _____________

A

dust devil

62
Q

A long, narrow lines of advancing thunderstorms in a hurricane___________________

A

rain bands

63
Q

A localized storm involving lightning, thunder, strong winds, and heavy rain____________________

A

thunderstorm

64
Q

State of the atmosphere at a certain time and place____________________

A

weather

65
Q

An abrupt discharge of electricity through the air_______________________

A

lightning

66
Q

A concentrated downward blast of wind __________________________

A

downburst

67
Q

Lines of equal pressure on a weather map_________________

A

isobars

68
Q

A long line of advancing thunderstorms, usually moving ahead of a cold front___________

A

squall line

Earth and Space Science (7 decks)

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