Pediatric Psychological Development Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards
Brain development in children*** (6)
- Frontal lobe is not fully developed until the age of 25 - this decreases understanding of consequences of actions (cognitive function)
- limbic system responsible for emotion influences social development
- Brain develops bottom up, amygdala (fight or flight) early on as well as hippocampus (memory development), children who have experienced trauma this can impact how children remember and process info that may be maladaptive
- motor cortex in front of the parietal lobe
- occipital lobe for hand eye coordination***
- temporal lobe for hearing***
Neurogenesis
Forming of neurons, first process to occur in brain development and completed before birth
Neural migration
Process of organizing brain by moving neurons to specific areas based on functions the cells will perform, begins prenatally and continues for at least 8-10 months after birth
Myelination***
Coating of axon of neuron with fatty coating, protects neuron and helps it conduct more efficiently, begins in brain stem and cerebellum before birth, completed in frontal cortex late in adolescence**
Synaptogenesis
Process of forming networks of connections in brain, begin forming prenatally and continue throughout life
Pruning***
Process of weeding out unneccessary neuronal connections and strengthening important ones, based on childhood experiences, most rapid between ages 3-16, important to expose child to enriching new experiences and repetition to strengthen them
Visual and auditory development in children
from birth between 4-5, very important to expose to shapes, colors, objects, prime time to learning to talk from birth to 10 years of age, children need caregivers to constantly talk, sing, and read to them in early days
Emotional and social development in children
Emotional and social development from birth to 12 years, 0-18 months hugely important when forming attachment to critical caregivers (even in nonbiological parents)
Emerging patterns of behavior during first year of life (8)
- 1st 4 weeks visual preference for human face
- 1 month begins to smile
- 2month listens to voice and coos
- 3 month makes noise
- 4 months sees pellet but makes no effort to reach for it
- 7 months reaches and grasps object with rough motor touch
- 10 month understand object permanence and grasp object with fine motor touch
- 1 year can grasp and transfer object to another
Should caregivers come when a baby cries?***
YES! Pick them up and hold them when they cry anytime and this will actually decrease crying up to 1 year of age (helps build trust and no such thing as spoiling)
Age 12-18 month development of a child (5)
- first steps and movement orbiting around parents, moving away and then returning for reassurance before moving away again
- too much control of that will lead to feelings of doubt and shame in the toddler
- separation anxiety grows, many parents report they cannot go anywhere without having child attached, separation anxiety will manifest at bed time
- motor skills and curiosity can be dangerous
- parallel play
Pre-school age development (2-5) of a child (3)
- Kids develop emotional and social ideas, controls need to be internalized for a child to function in a typical classroom (may need to be held back a year in kindergarten, and that’s okay)
- Children need consistent limits and boundaries
- tantrums
Tantrums that last more than ___ or occurring more than ____ times a day reflect a ____
15 min, 3x, underlying medical emotional or social problem
Middle childhood development (6-11) of a child (3)
- parents should push children in extracurricular activities and unconditional acceptance when failures occur
- frequently changing friend groups, popularity
- rigid morality
Adolescence (10-20) development of a child
- developing metacognitive abilities
- peer group overwhelmingly important
- sexuality and exploring
