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MRCP 1 AMG > HAEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY > Flashcards

HAEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

PATHOLOGICAL RED CELLS

TARGET CELLS - 1
TEAR DROP CELLS - 2
SPHEROCYTES - 3
BASOPHILIC STIPPLING - 4
HOWELL JOLLY BODIES - 5
HEINZ BODIES - 6
SCHISTOCYTES - 7
HELMET CELLS - 8
PENCIL CELLS - 9
BURR CELLS - 10
ACANTHOCYTES - 11
A 
1 - HbPathies (SCD/Thal)/IDA/CLD/Hyposplenism
2 - MYELOFIBROSIS
3 - HS/AIHA
4 - Lead/Thal/Sideroblastic/Myelodysplasia
5 - Hyposplenism
6 - G6PD/Alpha-Thal
7 - Intravascular Haemolysis
8 - Schistocyte other name
9 - IDA
10 - PK def/Uraemia
11 - Abetalipoproteinemia
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2
Q

INTRAVASCULAR HAEMOLYSIS CAUSES

A 
RBC FRAGMENTATION - Prosthetic heart valves/TTP/HUS/DIC
G6PD
PNH
Mismatched BT
CAIHA
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3
Q

EXTRAVASCULAR HAEMOLYSIS CAUSES

A

HbPathies - SCD/Thal
HS
HDN
WAIHA

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4
Q

TYPICAL BLOOD FILMS

HYPOSPLENISM - 1
MEGALOBLASTIC ANAEMIA - 2
IDA - 3
CLL - 4

A

1 - Target cells/Acanthocytes/Pappenheimer bodies/Howell-Jolly bodies/Siderotic granules

2 - HSG Neutrophils

3 - Target cells/Pencil cells/Dimorphic film (micro + macro) if associated vit b12/folate

4 - SMUDGE/SMEAR CELLS

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5
Q

Types of Macrocytic Anaemia - 1

Causes - 2

A

1 - Megaloblastic and Normoblastic BM

2 - Causes of Megaloblastic —> Vit B12/Folate def

Causes of Normoblastic —> 
Alcohol
Liver disease
Myelodysplasia
Pregnancy
Reticulocytosis
Hypothyroid
Cytotoxic drugs
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6
Q

TUMOUR MARKERS

CA 125 —> 1
CA 19-9 —> 2
Ca 15-3 —> 3

The above are 4)___

PSA —> 5
AFP —> 6
CEA —> 7
S-100 —> 8
Bombesin —> 9

The above are 10)___

A

1 - CA Breast
2 - CA Pancreas
3 - CA Ovary

4 - MAB

5 - CA Prostate
6 - HCC/Terratoma
7 - CA Colon
8 - Melanoma/Schwannoma
9 - SCLC/CA Stomach/Neuroblastoma

10 - Tumour Antigens

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7
Q

CML

Occurrence of 1)__ chromosome.

It is due to 2)__ of 3)__ arm of (Chr with gene) 4)__ resulting in 5)___

Rx of choice in CML is 6)____, which is a 7)____

Notable features are 8)__

A

1 - Philadelphia

2 - Translocation

3 - Long

4 - Chr 9 ABL Porto-oncogene + Chr 22 BCR gene [t(9:22)(q34; q11)]

5 - BCR-ABL gene which codes for fusion protein with high TK activity

6 - IMNATINIB

7 - TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR associated with BCR-ABL defect

8 - Massive Splenomaegaly/Decreased LAP/Blast transformation (AML 80%/ALL 20%)

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8
Q

Essential Thrombocytosis is a 1)__ disorder wherein 2)__ proliferation results in 3)__.

It overlaps with 4)__ and 5)__ mutation is present.

Symptoms include 6)__.

Both 7)___ prevail.

Rx of choice is 8)___.

A

1 - Myeloproliferative

2 - Megakaryocyte

3 - Increased TPC (>600)

4 - CML/MYELOFIBROSIS/Polycythemia Rudra Vera

5 - JAK2

6 - Burning sensation in hands

7 - Thrombosis (Art + Ven) + Haemorrhage

8 - HYDROXYUREA

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9
Q

FANCONI ANAEMIA

Type of Inheritance - 1

Features - 2

A

1 - AR

2 - Aplastic Anaemia/AML/Cafe au lait spots/Short stature/Neurological

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10
Q

Causes of MASSIVE SPLENOMEGALY

A 
MYELOFIBROSIS
CML
Malaria
Visceral Leishmaniasis
Gaucher’s
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11
Q

CLL

Most common leukaemia in 1)__

Cause - 2)__

Complications - 3)

Blood film - 4)

Indications of Rx - 5)

Rx - 6)

A

1 - Adults

2 - Monoclonal Prol of B-cells

3 - Hypogammaglobulinaemia leading to recurrent inf
WAIHA
Transformation to high grade Lymphoma.
(RICHTER’STRANSFORMATION)

4 - SMEAR/SMUDGE CELLS

5 - Progressive Marrow failure
Progressive/Massive Lymphadenopathy (>10cm)
Progressive/Massive Splenomegaly (>6cm)
Progressive Lymphocytosis (>50% Increase <2mo/Doubling time <6
mo )
Autoimmune Cytopenia (ITP)
Systemic Symptoms (fever/fatigue/night sweats/weight loss)

6 - FCR (Fludarabine/cyclophosphamide/Rituximab) —> Ibrutinib if fails

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12
Q

CAUSES OF MICROCYTIC ANAEMIA

Normal Hb but Microcytosis — 1

Microcystosis out of proportion with Anaemia — 2

A 
F - IDA
L - Pb Poisoning
A - ACD
S - Sideroblastic
T - Thal

1 - Poly Rubra Vera

2 - Beta Thal

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13
Q

ALL

Good Prognosis - 1

Poor Prognosis - 2

A 
1 - Common ALL
      FAB L1
      Pre B Phenotype
      Del(9p)
      Low WBC Count

2 -

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14
Q

CAUSES OF NORMOCYTIC ANAEMIA

A 
ACD
Aplastic Anaemia
Acute Blood Loss
CKD
Haemolytic anaemia
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15
Q

Abdominal Pain + Neurological signs = 1)/2)

A

1 - AIP

2 - Pb poisoning

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16
Q

CANCER DRUG - S/E

1) Cyclophosphamide
2) Bleomycin
3) Doxorubicin
4) Vincristine/Vinblastine
5) Docetaxel
6) Irinotecan
7) MTX
8) 5-FU
9) 6-MP
10) Cytarabine
11) Cisplatin
12) HYDROXYUREA

A

1 - Haemorrhagic cystitis/TCC/Myelosuppression

2 - Pulmonary fibrosis/Hyperpigmentation

3 - DCM

4 - VC = Peri Neuro/Paralytic ileus. VB = Myelosuppression

5 - Myelosuppression

6 - Myelosuppression

7 - Reversible Myelosuppression/Mucositis/Pulm fibrosis/Liver Fibrosis

8 - Irreversible myelosuppression/Mucositis/Dermatitis

9 - Myelosuppression

10 - Pancytopenia/Ataxia

11 - Nephrotoxicity (Hypomagnesemia)/Ototoxicity/Peri Neuro

12 - Myelosuppression

17
Q

PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISORDERS

Neutrophil disorders - 1

B-Cell Disorders - 2

T-Cell Disorders - 3

B & T Cell disorders - 4

A

1 - CGD/LAD/Chediak-Higashi

2 - Common Variable Immunodeficiency/Bruton’s X-linked agammaglobulinemia/IgA Deficiency

3 - DiGeorge’s

4 - SCID/Wiskott-Aldrich/Ataxia Telengiectasia/Hyper IgM

18
Q

Waldenstrom’s Macroglubulinemia is a 1)___, characterised by 2)__.

A

1 - Lymphoplasmacytoid malignancy

2 - Monoclonal IgM paraproteinemia
       Hyperviscosity
       Hepatosplenomegaly
       Lymphadenopathy
       Cryoglobulinaemia
19
Q

CARCINOGEN - CANCER

Aflatoxin - 1
2 - TCC Bladder
Asbestos - 3
4 - Hepatic Angiosarcoma
Nitrosamines - 5
A

1 -> HCC

2 -> Aniline dye

3 -> Mesothelioma and Bronchial CA

4 -> Vinyl Chloride

5 -> Oesophagal & Gastric CA

20
Q

Drugs causing G6PD def are

A

Primaquine
Ciprofloxacin
Sulpha drugs — Sulphonamide, sulfasalazine, SUR

21
Q

Burkitt’s lymphoma is a 1)___

It has 2 forms — 2)____

Cause - 3)___

Finding - 4)___

Rx — 5)__

Complication during Rx is 6)__ which is characterised by 7)___ and is prevented by 8)___

A

1 - Neoplasm of B cell (NHL)

2 - Endemic/African form - Jaw (Mandible/Maxilla) - EBV implication
Sporadic form - abdomen (ileo-caecal) - HIV implication

3 - t(8:14) —> C-MYC activation

4 - Starry sky appearance on blood film —> Lymphocyte sheets interspersed with macrophages containing dead apoptotic tumour cells

5 - Chemotherapy

6 - Tumour Lysis Syndrome

7 - ARF/Hyperkalaemia/Hyperphosphatemia/HYPERURICAEMIA/Hypocalcemia

8 - RASBURICASE —> Recombinant Urate Oxidase —> UA to Allantoin

22
Q

APML

It is 1)__ AML, presenting as 2)__, with blood film finding of 3)__, caused due to 4)__, carrying a 5)__ prognosis.

A

1 - FAB M3

2 - DIC/Thrombocytopenia in young adults

3 - Aeur Rods

4 - t(15:17) —> PML/RARA fusion gene

5 - Good

23
Q

Hodgkin Lymphoma

It has 1)__ distribution.

4 types as follows - 2)__

Poor prognostic factors are - 3)__

A

1 - Bimodal Age (decade 3 & 7)

2 - Nodular Sclerosing (Most Common)
       Mixed Cellularity (Most RS Cells)
       Lymphocyte Predominant (Best Prognosis)
       Lymphocyte Depleted (Worst Prognosis)

3 - Lymphocyte Depleted
B Symptoms (fever/night sweats/weight loss)
Male>45y
Stage 4
Hb <10.5/Lymphocyte <600 or 8%/Albumin <40/TLC>15000

MRCP 1 AMG (6 decks)

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