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Pharmacology > Behavior Modifying Drugs - SSRIs > Flashcards

Behavior Modifying Drugs - SSRIs Flashcards

1
Q

How do SSRIs work?

A

They block presynaptically located serotonin transporter selectively thus inhibiting reuptake of 5-HT

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2
Q

What is the result biochemically of the use of SSRIs?

A

elevation of synaptic 5-HT levels

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3
Q

What do SSRIs desensitize?

A

5-HT 1A receptors and alpha 2 receptors

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4
Q

Why would we want to desensitize 5-HT 1A receptors?

A

so that serotonin can stay in the synapse for longer

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5
Q

What are the SSRIs mentioned in class?

A

Fluoxetine (Reconcile/Prozac), Sertraline (Zoloft), Paroxetine (Paxil), Citalopram

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6
Q

What is the preferred SSRI in animal medicine and why?

A

Fluoxetine because it is safe and tolerable

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7
Q

What are the therapeutic uses for SSRIs?

A

depression, anxiety, aggression, compulsive disorders

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8
Q

What are the advantages to SSRIs?

A

not sedating, dont cause learning impairment, no cardiac toxicity

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9
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of fluoxetine?

A

agression, acral lick dermatitis, hyperactivity in dogs

Treatment of urine spraying behavior, aggression, and compulsive disorders such as psychogenic alopecia in cats

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10
Q

What animals can you not give fluoxetine to?

A

breeding animals

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11
Q

How do monoamine oxidases work?

A

they catalyse the break down of monoamines including NE, 5-HT, and DA

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12
Q

Where is MAO present and what does it do?

A

it is present in the liver and facilitates the breakdown of tyramine rich foods

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13
Q

What happens in the absence of MAO?

A

hypertensive crisis

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14
Q

How does Selegiline (MAOI) work?

A

It is a irreversible and selective inhibitor of MAO-B

It acts as a free radical scavenger of DA derived oxidative species in the CNS

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15
Q

What is Selegiline FDA approved to treat?

A

canine cognitive dysfunction

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16
Q

What are the contraindications for Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors?

A

Should not be given in combination with TCAs and SSRIs due to the risk of serotonin syndrome
Should not be concurrently administered with amitraz (flea collar)

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17
Q

What are the adverse effects of SSRIs?

A

Withdrawal syndrome and serotonin syndrome

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18
Q

What are the signs of withdrawal syndrome?

A

tremor, dizziness, anxiety, electric shock like sensations, and flu like symptoms

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19
Q

How do you stop SSRIs?

A

gradually

20
Q

What chemical process causes serotonin syndrome?

A

excessive serotonin transmission (release)

21
Q

What drugs are gabapentinoids?

A

gabapentin (neurontin) and Pregabalin (lyrica)

22
Q

What properties do gabapentinoids have?

A

anxiolytic, sedative, analgesic, and anticonvulsant properties

23
Q

What do gabapentinoids bind to?

A

They bind to the alpha-2-delta-1 subunit of presynaptic voltage-sensitive calcium channels blocking release of excitatory transmitters (glutamate, substance P, Norepinephrine)

24
Q

What are gabapentinoids administered in combination with?

A

SSRIs or TCAs

25
Q

Gabapentin can be effective and safe ______ agent for the management of ______ in dogs?

A

adjunctive, anxiety

26
Q

If you secrete glutumate, what is the associated effect?

A

reduction of depression

27
Q

What do alpha-2-delta ligands do therapeutically?

A

Reduce the signs of stress in cats, facilitate transport, and compliance during vet examination

28
Q

What side effects are associated with alpha-2-delta ligands (gabapentin?

A

sedation and ataxia

29
Q

What would happen if you didn’t wean a patient off of gabapenin slowly?

A

they can have seizures

30
Q

True or False: The liquid form of gabapentin is the preferred type.

A

False - it often times contains xylitol

xylitol = bad

31
Q

What patients should you use caution with when prescribing gabapentin?

A

patients with kidney conditions

32
Q

What do alpha 2 - adrenergic agonists do?

A

block sympathetic drive

33
Q

What is dexmedetomidine hydrochloride oromucosal gel (Sileo) FDA approved for?

A

canine noise phobias

34
Q

What effects does Sileo cause?

A

dose dependent seedation, muscle relaxation, and analgesia in dogs and cats

35
Q

What are the therapeutic uses for Sileo?

A

noise aversion and anxiety treatment

36
Q

What is the extralabel use indication of Dexmedetomidine hydroxhloride in dogs?

A

chemical restraint of aggressive dogs requiring medical examination

37
Q

What is the extralabel use indication of Dexmedetomidine hydroxhloride in cats?

A

adequate sedation for clinical procedures for moderate duration - emesis is common

38
Q

What drug is a serotonin antagonist reuptake inhibitor (SERTi) and serotonin (5-HT)2a antagonist?

A

Trazodone

39
Q

What dogs would you use trazodone in?

A

dogs for postoperative confinement, hospitalization, and the treatment of multiple behavioral disorders in conjunction with other psychiatric drugs

40
Q

What can happen with high doses of trazodone?

A

serotonin syndrome

41
Q

What is Cyproheptadine?

A

an antidote for serotonin syndrome

42
Q

What drug classes can be used to treat aggression?

A

SSRIs, azapirones, TCAs, hormones, combinations

43
Q

What drug classes can be used to treat anxieties, fears, phobias; without agression?

A

BZs, SSRIs, azapirones,m MAOIs, TCAs

44
Q

What drug classes can be used to treat cognitive dysfunction in geriatric patients?

A

MAOIs

45
Q

What drugs classes can be used to treat compulsive disorders?

A

SSRIs, antipsychotics, TCAs, opioids and opioid antagonists

46
Q

What drugs classes can be used to treat hyperkinesis or ADD?

A

CNS stimulants

Pharmacology (16 decks)

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