Body Composition Flashcards

1
Q

Define body composition

A

Relative proportions of protein, fat, water, and mineral components in the body that make up total body weight.

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2
Q

Define Malnutrition.

A

Deficiency or Excess of nutrition, leading to an imbalance of energy and nutrition, causing measurable adverse effects on the body: e.g. impaired function, composition and worsened clinical outcome.

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3
Q

What is the formula to calculate BMI? What is overweight and underweight?

A

BMI = kg/m^2
Under: <18.5
Over: >25
Obese: >29.9

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4
Q

What are the constraints of using BMI?

A

1) Doesn’t consider body composition
2) Doesn’t consider ethnic differences
3) Age and sex independent (e.g. Women have more body fat)

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5
Q

How can we estimate BMI without scales? (e.g. for bariatric patients)

A

Ulna Length.
Knee height caliper.
Demi Span.

Mid Upper Arm Circumference - doesn’t calculate weight, only shows changes in weight

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6
Q

How can we estimate BMI without scales? (e.g. for bariatric patients)

A

Ulna Length.
Knee height caliper.
Demi Span.

Mid Upper Arm Circumference - doesn’t calculate weight, only shows changes in weight

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7
Q

List 4 body composition measuring methods

A

1) Bioelectrical impedance
2) Anthropometry
3) Densitometry
4) Imaging techniques

Body - “BADI”

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8
Q

Define Cachexia

A

Abnormally low weight, weakness and general bodily decline associated with chronic disease

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9
Q

What factors affect body composition?

A
  • Biological: Age, gender, ethnicity
  • Lifestyle: Diet, physical activity.
  • Health-related factors: Presence of disease.
  • Biometric: Height, fat and muscle distribution.
  • Environment.
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10
Q

List as many consequences of malnutrition as you can remember (There’s too many, just learn a few).

A
↓ QOL
↑ risk other illness/infection,
↑ pressure sores/impaired wound healing,
Medication less effective,
Longer healing times,
Longer hospital stays,
Confusion /depression/ mood disturbance,
↑ falls (elderly),
↓ respiratory muscle strength – dependency on ventilators/ SOB more easily,
↑ Mortality
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