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CP2 PAEDS > Emergency > Flashcards

Emergency Flashcards

1
Q

What is a ALTE a combination of? (4)

A

Apnoea
Colour change
Altered tone
Choking and gagging

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2
Q

Common causes ALTE (4)

A

Infection - RSV, pertussis
Seizures
GOR
Upper airway obstruction

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3
Q

Uncommon causes ALTE (6)

A 
Cardiac arrhythmia
Breath-holding 
Anaemia 
Heat stress 
Central hypoventilation syndrome 
Cyanotic spells form intrapulmonary shunting
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4
Q

Common Ix ATLE (3)

A 
O2 sats 
Resp
ECG  
All overnight Ix 
\+ baseline Ix
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5
Q

Immediate Mx acute illness (6)

A

Detailed Hx
Thorough exam
Admit to hospital
Episode = usually brief w/ rapid recovery
Overnight sats, resp, ECG to be norm for discharge
Teach parents RE follow-up + resus

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6
Q

PS Anaphylaxis (6)

A 
Angiodema
bronchospasm 
bronchorrhea 
laryngospasm 
Incr vascular perm
Decr vascular tone
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7
Q

Common agents anaphylaxis (7)

A 
Food 
ABx - penicillin 
NSAIDs
Opiates 
Biologicals - venom 
Preservatives - MSG
Latex
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8
Q

RF for more serious anaphylaxis attack (5)

A 
Younger (smaller airway) 
Asthma 
Chronic GI Sx 
HoTN
FH
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9
Q

EpiPen regime anaphylaxis

A 
Adrenaline 1:1000 IM 
Repeat every 5 mins if needed
Removed lid (blue to sky)
Place into upper outer thigh 
Swing + insert until it clicks 
Hold in place for 3 s 
Massage area for 10s
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10
Q

Mx anaphylaxis - A (2)

A

Establish airway

Intubate if needed

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11
Q

Mx anaphylaxis - B (3)

A

15L high flow O2
Wheeze? Neb salbutamol
O2 sats

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12
Q

Mx anaphylaxis - C (5)

A 
IV fl  20ml/kg saline 
IV chlorphenamine 
IV hydrocortisone 
ECG
BP
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13
Q

Ix anaphylaxis (4)

A

Mast cell tryptase test
Skin prick test
Serum specific IgE
PO food challenge

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14
Q

What is non-accidental OD?

A

Child abuse

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15
Q

Which children are at greatest risk of accidental poisoning? (3)

A

Poor parental input
Risk of abuse or neglect
Toddlers who can walk but don’t understand consequences ingestion

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16
Q

What % adolescents self harm?

A

7%

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17
Q

What are the most common forms of self harm? (2)

A

Cuts

Burning

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18
Q

Poison - alcohol - effect (3)

A

Hypoglycaemia
Coma
Resp failure

19
Q

Mx alcohol poisoning (3)

A

Measure blood level for severity
Monitor blood gluc
IV dextrose

20
Q

Poison - paracetamol - effect (2)

A 
Gastric irritation 
Liver failure (3-5 days)
21
Q

Mx paracetamol poisoning (3)

A

Check plasma conc 4hrs after
If >150 - IV acetylchristine
Monitor PTT, LFT

22
Q

Poison - NSAIDs - effect (4)

A

Abdo pain/ vomiting
Gastric ulcer/haematemesis
AKI
Seizures/coma

23
Q

Mx NSAIDS poisoning - (2)

A

<2hrs - activated charcoal

Orogastric lavage

24
Q

Poison - methadone - effect (6)

A 
Resp depression 
Constricted pupils 
Constipation 
N + V
HoTN
Confusion/coma
25
Q

Mx - methadone poisoning (2)

A

IV Naloxone

Activated charcoal <2hrs

26
Q

Poison - detergents - effects

A

Inflamm + ulcers UGI

27
Q

Mx detergents poisoning

A

Gastric emptying + decontamination by NGT

28
Q

RF in adolescents who OD (6)

A 
Men 
Decr social class 
Isolation 
Psychiatric/physical illness 
Prev Hx 
Alcohol/Dx abuse
29
Q

What is SIDS

A

No cause of death on post-mortem

30
Q

At what age is SIDS most common

A

2-4 months

31
Q

RF SIDS (10)

A 
LBW/Premature 
Male 
Multiple births
Parents - low income 
Poor housing 
Single mother 
Young maternal age
Maternal smoking during/after preg 
Baby sleeping face down 
Infant overheats
32
Q

Advice to parents RE SIDS (5)

A 
Sleep on back _ feet to foot position 
Keep baby in your bedroom 
Avoid sleeping with them on sofa/arm chair 
Avoid overheating them 
Don't smoke
33
Q

RF Burns + scalds (6)

A 
Majority occur in low SE status 
Low education levels 
High pop density 
Psycho stress 
Single parents 
Young mothers
34
Q

PS Burns/scalds (5)

A 
Damaged skin; blisters,peels 
Shock 
Airway obstruction 
Wheezing 
Swelling
35
Q

Features of superficial burn

A

Skin epithelialized from surviving cells

36
Q

Features of partial thickness burn

A

Damage to dermis, blistering, pink

37
Q

Features of full thickness burn

A

Skin + dermis destroyed, white + charred, painless

38
Q

Tx scalds/burns - initial

A

Run under cold water at least 5 mins

Wrap in cling film

39
Q

Mx scalds/burns

A

IV morphine
Tx shock - fl
Tentanus booster if needed `

40
Q

Which burns should be investigated for safeguarding concerns (3)

A

Recurrent
Severe
Hx not reasonable

41
Q

Preventative measures for parents for burns (7)

A 
Smoke alarms 
Education 
Stop drop + roll 
Close supervision 
High chairs 
Keep electrical chords out of reach
Careful placement of hot items
42
Q

Drowning - M:F

A

M:F = 3:1

43
Q

Immediate Mx drowning (4)

A

M2M resus + CHx compression
Cover + warm
If water inhaled - hospital - pulm oedema - resp distress
Pneumonia may develop

CP2 PAEDS (18 decks)

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