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GIGU > Pelvic Viscera > Flashcards

Pelvic Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

How do the ureters enter the pelvis minor?

A

pass over pelvic brim from retroperitoneal, just anterior to internal iliac vessels

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2
Q

What crosses over the ureters in males?

A

vas deferens

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3
Q

What crosses of the ureters in females?

A

uterine A

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4
Q

The ureters travel posteroinferiorly to lie above ___________as they approach the bladder

A

levator ani

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5
Q

What angle do the ureters enter the bladder at?

A

posterosuperior angle

–>immediately above seminal vesicles and inferior to vas deferens in males

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6
Q

What prevents retrograde flow of urine into ureters?

A

intramural portion of ureters–>one way flap

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7
Q

What spinal levels detect pain in ureters?

A

T10-L2

–>referred ipsilateral to lower abd quadrant and groin

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8
Q

The mucosa of the bladder are loosely attached except at the ___

A

trigone (neck of bladder)

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9
Q

Describe the location of the urinary bladder

A

anteroinferior par of pelvis minor

below peritoneum

resting on pelvic diaphragm

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10
Q

Why can a needle be placed above the pubic symphysis to collect urine?

A

as bladder fills, it ascends in the abdomen–> can obtain urine via this method without entering abd cavity

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11
Q

How many muscle layers make up the bladder?

A

3 detrusor smooth muscle

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12
Q

In males, what is the peritoneum of the bladder reflected over the superior surface of?

A

peritoneum reflected from the bladder over superior surface of VAS DEFERENS and SEMINAL VESICLES

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13
Q

What separates the base of the bladder from the rectum?

A

base of bladder= posterior

vas deferens and seminal vesicles

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14
Q

What peritoneal recess separates the bladder from the rectum in males?

A

rectovesical pouch

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15
Q

Where is the apex of the bladder?

A

anterior

–>where neck jxns with urethra

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16
Q

What part of the bladder rests on the prostate gland?

A

neck of bladder

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17
Q

What sphincter prevents retrograde flow of semen into bladder during ejaculation?

A

internal urethral sphincter within the neck of the bladder

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18
Q

What lie posterior to the bladder in females?

A

vagina

uterine cervix

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19
Q

What lie superior to the bladder in females?

A

fundus and body of uterus

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20
Q

What peritoneal pouch is located between the superior surface of the bladder and the uterus?

A

vesicouterine pouch

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21
Q

What holds the neck of the bladder in position in males and females?

A

males: puboprostatic L
females: pubovesical L

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22
Q

What surrounds the lateral surfaces of the bladder?

A

vesical fascia that contains vesical venous plexus

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23
Q

What are the 4 parts of the male urethra?

A

1: intramural (through bladder wall)
2: prostatic (prostate gland)
3: membranous urethra (UG diaphragm)
4: penile/spongy (penis that terminates at ext urethral orifice)

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24
Q

What is contained in the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra in males?

A

urethral crest

2 prostatic sinuses
–>where prostatic ducts empty

seminal colliculus
–>rounded eminence of crest

prostatic utricle
–>homologous to uterus and vagina

openings of ejaculatory ducts just lateral to utricle

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25
Q

What surrounds the membranous urethra in males that is part of the UG diaphragm?

A

external urethral sphincter

–>relaxes during urination and ejaculation

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26
Q

Describe the passage of the female urethra to the external urethral opening

A

passes anterioinferiorly from internal urethral orifice of bladder POSTERIOR to pubic symphysis

–>external urethral orifice in the vestibule of vagina

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27
Q

What are BL paraurethral glands on either side of urethra homologs to?

A

prostate gland

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28
Q

Where do the paraurethral ducts open?

A

near external urethral orifice

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29
Q

What compresses the urethra in females?

A

external urethral sphincter in urogenital diaphragm

30
Q

What is a thick tube that is the continuation of the epididymis?

A

vas deferens

31
Q

Describe the anatomical position of the vas deferens

A

ascends in spermatic cord, passes through inguinal canal, in contact with parietal peritoneum as it approaches bladder

–>crosses ureter so it is superior to the seminal vesicle

–>medial portion expands to form ampulla and joins duct of seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct

32
Q

What joins to form the ejaculatory duct?

A
  • ampulla of vas deferens
  • duct of seminal vesicle

near the neck of the bladder

33
Q

What are seminal vesicles?

A

accessory sex glands that produce seminal fluid (fructose), constitutes majority of semen

–>coiled tubes on the posterior surface of bladder b/t vas deferens and prostate gland

34
Q

What is the pathway of the ejaculatory ducts?

A

pass anteroinferiorly through prostate gland to open on seminal colliculus in prostatic urethra

35
Q

Where is the prostate gland?

A

surrounds prostatic urethra

36
Q

What is the largest accessory gland in males?

A

prostate gland

–>walnut sized

37
Q

Is the prostate gland made of glandular or muscular tissue?

A

BOTH–>fibromuscular

2/3 glandular
1/3 muscular

fibrous tissue in anterior lobe

R and L lobes have muscular tissue

38
Q

What comprises 20% of semen?

A

milky, alkaline fluid from prostate

–>helps neutralize acidity of vaginal secretions

39
Q

What is the main source of energy for sperm?

A

fructose

40
Q

What surrounds prostate gland?

A

visceral pelvic fascia

–>dense fascial sheath

41
Q

Describe the shape of the prostate gland

A

conical

  • > base near neck of bladder
  • ->apex adjacent to UG diaphragm
  • –>anterior, posterior and lateral surfaces
42
Q

What space is anterior to the prostate gland?

A

retropubic space

–>filled with fat

43
Q

What is posterior to the prostate gland?

A

ampulla of rectum

44
Q

What is inferolateral to the prostate gland?

A

levator ani M

45
Q

What is benign prostatic hypertrophy?

A

enlargement of posterior middle portion of prostate
–>narrows prostatic urethra

**usually older men

46
Q

Where does 50% of all cancers originate in males?

A

prostate gland

–>mets to lymph or spine, liver and lungs

47
Q

What pea-sized accessory sex glands are located in the UG diaphragm lateral to the membranous urethra?

A

bulbourethral glands

48
Q

What is the passage/action of bulbourethral glands?

A

pass through perineal membrane to penetrate bulb of penis–>opens into proximal spongy urethra

–>produces mucous secretion that is released prior to ejaculation to lubricate urethra

49
Q

What are on either side of the vagina?

A

levator ani and broad ligaments of uterus

50
Q

What is anterior to the vagina?

A

bladder and urethra

51
Q

What lie posterior to the vagina?

A

rectouterine pouch
rectum
anal canal

52
Q

What are the subdivisions of the vagina?

A

anterior fornix
posterior fornix
2 lateral fornices

53
Q

What fornix of the vagina is the deepest subdivision r/t peritoneum forming rectouterine pouch?

A

posterior fornix

54
Q

Where is the uterus located?

A

pelvis minor

55
Q

Where is the cervix of the uterus located?

A

between bladder and rectum

56
Q

What is the external and internal os?

A

internal os: internal opening into cervix

external os: opening in cervix next to vagina

57
Q

What surrounds the external os?

A

vaginal fornix

58
Q

What are the layers of the uterus?

A

1: perimetrium
- ->peritoneum
2: myometrium
- ->smooth muscle
3: endometrium
- ->epithelium with glands

59
Q

What is the anteroinferior surface of the uterus r/t>

A

urinary bladder

60
Q

What is the posterosuperior surface of the uterus r/t?

A

intestines

61
Q

What are the R and L borders of the uterus a/w?

A

broad ligaments of uterus

62
Q

Describe the round L of the uterus

A

side of uterus to deep inguinal ring–>traverses inguinal canal

–>terminates in subq of labia majora after passing through superficial inguinal ring

63
Q

Describe the transverse or lateral cervical ligament of the uterus

A

from cervix and lateral vaginal fornices to lateral walls of pelvis minor

64
Q

Describe uterosacral L of uterus

A

sides of cervic toward sacrum b/t peritoneum and levator ani

65
Q

What are the parts of the broad L of uterus?

A

2 layers of peritoneum draped over uterine tubes

1: mesometrium attached to uterus
2: mesosalpinx a/w uterine tubes (oviducts)
3: mesovarium a/w ovary

66
Q

Describe the pathway of the broad L of uterus

A

from sides of uterus to lateral walls and floor of pelvis

67
Q

Where are the ovaries located?

A

near later wall of pelvis minor in ovarian fossa

–>posterior side of broad ligament

68
Q

What is the fxn of the ligament of the ovary?

A

attaches medial portion of ovary to lateral angle of uterus

69
Q

What is the fxn of suspensory ligmanet of ovary?

A

thickening of CT that contains ovarian vessels and nerves

–>from lateral wall of pelvic cavity to ovary

70
Q

Where is an epidural given?

A

L3-4

–>bathes pain fibers from cervix, superior vagina and pudendal N

71
Q

How is a mother with epidural aware of uterine contractions?

A

epidural numbs everything EXCEPT pain fibers from the uterine body–> will still be aware of contractions

72
Q

What block would you use if the mother can still feel uterine contractions?

A

pudendal nerve block (S2-4)
**doesn’t block pain from superior birth canal

–>with epidural, is only aware of contractions

GIGU (37 decks)

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