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LCRS 2 > Elbow, forearm and wrist > Flashcards

Elbow, forearm and wrist Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two articular surfaces of the distal humerus and what do they articulate with?

A

Capitulum – articulates with the head of the radius

Trochlea – articulates with the head of the ulna

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2
Q

Which fossae are present on the anterior side of the distal humerus?

A 
Radial fossa
Coranoid fossa (the coranoid process of the ulna slots in here when the elbow is flexed)
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3
Q

Which fossa is present on the posterior side of the distal humerus?

A

Olecranon fossa – the olecranon process of the ulna slots in here when the elbow is extended

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4
Q

What are tuberosities found near the elbow joint?

A

Radial tuberosity

Ulnar tuberosity

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5
Q

What does the distal end of the ulna articulate with

A

An articular disc (not with carpal bones)

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6
Q

What does the distal end of the radius articulate with?

A

Scaphoid and lunate

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7
Q

What separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm?

A

Interosseous membrane

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8
Q

What forms the roof of the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor retinaculum

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9
Q

What can be palpated in the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Scaphoid (this is often fractured when trying to break a fall)

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10
Q

Which tendons mark the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Lateral – Extensor Pollicis Brevis + Abductor Pollicis Longus
Medially – Extensor Pollicis Longus

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11
Q

Which blood vessel is present in the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Branch of the radial artery

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12
Q

What does the head of the radius articulate with?

A

Capitulum

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13
Q

What are the main ligaments found at the elbow joint?

A

Radial collateral ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament
Anular ligament

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14
Q

Describe the articulation of the radius and ulna with the carpal bones.

A

The distal end of the radius articulates with scaphoid and lunate
The distal end of the ulna does not directly articulate with the carpal bones, it articulates with an articular disc

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15
Q

Describe how the biceps contribute to supination.

A

The biceps tendon inserts into the radial tuberosity
When prone, the radial tuberosity is turned posteriorly
So then when the biceps contract, it will pull the tuberosity back around

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16
Q

What is the name given to the space anterior to the elbow and what are its boundaries?

A

Cubital fossa
Superior border – line between the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus
Medial border – lateral border of pronator teres
Lateral border – medial border of brachioradialis

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17
Q

Where can the median nerve be damaged easily?

A

Elbow and wrist

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18
Q

Where is the ulnar nerve easily damaged?

A

It lies behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus where it can easily be damaged
It can also be damaged at the wrist

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19
Q

Where is the radial nerve easily damaged?

A

It lies close to the humerus in the radial groove so fractures of the humerus could damage the radial nerve
It can also be damaged in the axillary region

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20
Q

Proximal row of carpal bones

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

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21
Q

Feature of pisiform

A

Sesame is bone so is embedded in tendon

22
Q

Muscles of deep anterior compartment in forearm

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

23
Q

Divisions of posterior forearm compartment

A 
Muscles that move:
Wrist joint
Digits
Thumb
“Other”
24
Q

Muscles that move digits posterior compartment

A

Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor digit minimi

25
Q

Muscles that move thumb

A

Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis

26
Q

Other muscles of posterior forearm compartment

A

Brachioradialis

Supinator

27
Q

Differences in carrying angle males and females

A

Females is normally wider above 15 degrees

Males is normally narrower like 10-15

28
Q

Muscles of supination

A

Supinator
Biceps
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor carpi radialis longus

29
Q

Muscles of pronation

A 
Pronator quadratus 
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Brachioradialis
30
Q

Muscles for flexion of wrist

A 
FCR
FCU
Flexors of thumb and digits 
PL
APL
31
Q

Abduction of radial

A

AP”
FCR
ECRL
ECRB

32
Q

Muscles of adduction in wrist

A

ECU

FCU

33
Q

Division of ulnar artery

A

Common interossesous branch that becomes anterior and posterior interosseous arteries

34
Q

Main nerves of upper limb

A

Musculocutaneous
Ulnar
Median
Radial

35
Q

Role of musculocutaneous nerve in forearm

A

Sensory to lateral forearm

36
Q

Role of median nerve

A

Main nerve for muscles of forearm

37
Q

Path of median nerve

A

Goes through anterior compartment of arm lying anterior to elbow with brachial artery

38
Q

Route of ulnar nerve

A

Goes through posterior arm compartment behind medial epicondyle at elbow

39
Q

Role of ulnar nerve

A

Main nerve of hand

40
Q

Route of radial nerve

A

Passes around body of humerus at mid shaft in radial groove then courses via anterior compartment of upper arm more distally before dividing into a deep and superficial branch at elbow

41
Q

Superficial branch of radial nerve

A

Superficial radial nerve

Sensory

42
Q

Deep branch of radial nerve and function

A

Posterior interossesous nerve

Motor

43
Q

Muscles of wrist extension

A

ECRL
ECR
ECU
Long extensors of thumb and fingers

44
Q

2 radio-ulnar joints

A

Proximal and distal

45
Q

Muscles that move wrist joint

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris

46
Q

Way of remembering common flexor tendon muscles positions

A 
Place left 4 fingers on right cubital fossa and moving down to little finger 
PT
FCR
PL
FCU
47
Q

What anterior superficial muscles originate from common flexor tendon attached to medial epicondyle

A

All but FDS

48
Q

Muscles of anterior superficial compartment

A 
Protonator teres
Flexor carpi radialis 
Palmaris longus 
Flexor digitorum superficilialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
49
Q

Division of anterior compartment

A

Superficial and deep

50
Q

Compartments of forearm

A

Anterior

Posterior

51
Q

Distal row of carpals

A

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

LCRS 2 (44 decks)

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