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Pathology > Viral Infections of the Lung > Flashcards

Viral Infections of the Lung Flashcards

1
Q

mode of transmission of most viral resp infections

A

aerosol

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2
Q

viral causes of the common cold

A
  • adenovirus
  • RSV
  • influenza
  • parainfluenza
  • coronavirus
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3
Q

symptoms of rhinovirus cold

A
  • rhinorrhea
  • mild fever
  • productive cough
  • no pink eye
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4
Q

which organism can mimic rhinovirus infections?

A

strep infections

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5
Q

what kinds of infection do adenovirus viruses cause?

A
  • respiratory illness
  • gastroenteritis
  • conjunctivitis
  • cystitis
  • rash illnesses
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6
Q

what kinds of respiratory illness does adenovirus cause?

A
  • pneumonia
  • croup
  • bronchitis
  • common cold
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7
Q

which strain of adenovirus is associated with gastroenteritis and conjunctivitis?

A

Strain F

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8
Q

symptoms of gastric flu

A
  • sore throat
  • painful throat
  • red eye
  • diarrhoea
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9
Q

the shape of the adenovirus

A
  • medium-sized
  • non-enveloped
  • icosahedral
  • double stranded DNA
  • relatively less stable to chemical or physical agents and adverse pH conditions, allowing for prolonged survival outside of the body
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10
Q

which population group is more prone to RSV infection?

A

children

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11
Q

which type of infections does RSV cause?

A
  • pneumonia
  • bronchiolitis
  • colds
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12
Q

what is RSV associated to?

A

the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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13
Q

characteristics of RSV

A
  • labile paramyxovirus
  • 2 subtypes
  • Type B: asymptomatic strains
  • Type A: more severe illness and predominate in outbreaks
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14
Q

clinical presentation of RSV infection

A
  • rhinorrhea
  • wheezing and coughing
  • irritability and restlessness
  • low grade fever
  • airway obstruction: nasal flaring, costal retractions
  • apnea
  • circumoral and nailbed cyanosis
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15
Q

what is the antiviral used against RSV infections?

A

ribavirin (inhaled) - early treatment

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16
Q

prevention of RSV infections

A
  • RSV-IGIV

- anti-RSV humanised murine monoclonal antibody

17
Q

which distinctive disease does human parainfluenza virus cause?

A

croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

18
Q

what is the incubation period of HPIV?

A

1-7 days

19
Q

which are the proteins found on an influenza virus?

A
  • neuraminidase

- hemagluttinin

20
Q

what happens to viruses if patients are treated with neuraminidase inhibitors?

A

the viruses cannot be released into the body after replication

21
Q

what is the window of opportunity to give neuraminidase inhibitors?

A

until 48hrs after the onset of symptoms

22
Q

when does a pandemic/epidemic happen?

A

when there is a sudden shuffle in the genetics of a virus or when you get reassortment (genetics of 2 different viruses get merged together)

23
Q

how are influenza viruses categorised?

A
  • virus type
  • geographic origin
  • strain number
  • year of isolation
  • virus subtype
24
Q

when do explosive outbreaks of influenza happen?

A
  • last few weeks of winter

- November-April in northern hemisphere

25
Q

what are the type of influenza virus and what animal do they infect?

A

A: humans and animals
B: humans only
C: animals only

26
Q

complications of influenza

A
  • severe pneumonia
  • heart failure
  • inflammation of the heart
  • encephalitis
27
Q

in which population are adjuvant vaccines used?

A

elderly population

28
Q

symptoms of influenza

A
  • systemic
  • abrupt onset
  • high grade fever
  • chills
  • myalgia
  • cough
  • sore throat
  • marked exhaustion
  • can last around 2 weeks
29
Q

what burden does influenza cause?

A
  • increased hospitalisations
  • increase in primary care visits
  • excess mortality
  • impaired work performance
  • individuals feel awful
  • increased work absenteeism
  • lost productivity
  • disruption of family and social life
30
Q

antivirals against influenza

A
  • oseltamirtib

- xanamivir

31
Q

which virus causes SARS?

A

SARS-CoV

32
Q

symptoms of SARS

A
  • high fever
  • headache
  • body aches
  • dry cough
  • diarrhoea
33
Q

workup of SARS

A
  • CBC with differential
  • pulse oximetry
  • blood cultures
  • sputum Gram stain and culture
  • test for viral respiratory pathogens

Pathology (21 decks)

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