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Ortho AM > Hip fracture and dislocation > Flashcards

Hip fracture and dislocation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mortality rate 1 year post hip fracture in elderly?

A

~30%

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2
Q

What are the types of hip fracture?

A

Instracapsular- femoral head, femoral neck

Extracapsular- intertrochanteric, trochanteric, subtrochanteric

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3
Q

Wh are hip fractures classically seen in?

A

Older patients, esp older women

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4
Q

What is the presentation of hip fracture?

A

Pain
History of fall typically
Short, abducted, externally rotated leg

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5
Q

What investigations are done for hip fracture?

A

XR
Determine cause if appropriate
Nerve exam- L5 and S1

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6
Q

What is the management of hip fracture?

A

Surgical

Conservative- rare, only if unfit for surgery

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7
Q

What surgery is done for intracapsular fracture?

A

HEmi or complete arthroplasty

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8
Q

When is a hemiarthroplasty done for intracapsular fracture?

A

Frail or inactive patient, limited life expectancy

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9
Q

When is a complete arthroplasty done for intracapsular fracture?

A

Displaced fracture, active patient

Lower risk of future dislocation

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10
Q

Why is an arthroplasty done for intracapsular fracture?

A

Risk of avascular necrosis

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11
Q

What is the management of an extracapsular hip fracture?

A

Intertrochanteric- dynamic hip screw

Sibtrochanteric- intramedullary screw

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12
Q

What are the complications of hip fracture?

A

Avascular necrosis
Sciatic nerve injury
Non union

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13
Q

When is avascular necrosis with fracture more common?

A

Intracapsular- due to medial circumflex artery that wraps around the NOF

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14
Q

When i non union more common?

A

Intracapsular fracture

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15
Q

Who is hip dislocation usually seen in?

A

Younger patients as a result of high impact injury

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16
Q

What causes hip dislocation?

A 
RTC- most common 
Sports
High energy fall
Developmental hip dysplasia 
Following replacement
17
Q

What is the more common type of hip dislocation?

A

Posterior- 90%

18
Q

What is the presentation of hip dislocation?

A

Very painful and immovable
Post- flexed, adducted, int rotation
Ant- uncommon, ext rotated, abducted, mild flexion

19
Q

What investigations are done for hip dislocation?

A

XR

Nerve exam- sciatic nerve

20
Q

What is the management of hip dislocation?

A

Generally non op reduction

21
Q

What are the complications of hip dislocation?

A

Avascular necrosis

Sciatic nerve palsy- more common in post

Ortho AM (23 decks)

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