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Ortho AM > Knee injuries > Flashcards

Knee injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of cause of patellar fractures?

A

Direct blow and undisplaced fractures

Avulsion fractures

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2
Q

What is the presentation of patellar fracture?

A 
Joint deformity/shortening
Swelling
Bruising
Severe pain on movement
Limited extension
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3
Q

What investigations are doenfor patellar fractures?

A

XR

CT if complex

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4
Q

What is the management of patellar fractures?

A

Casting in straight leg position

Surgery if severe or complex

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5
Q

What is the presentation of a patellar dislocation?

A 
Pain, tenderness
Deformity, swelling
Inability to move joint or weight bear 
HAemarthrosis 
Often associated injuries
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6
Q

What investigations are done for patellar dislocation?

A

Skyline XR

MRI for associated soft tissue injury if suspected

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7
Q

What is the management of patellar dislocation?

A

Reduction- extension and lateral pressure
Immobilisation
Physio

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8
Q

What ae the complications of patellar dislocation?

A

20% recurrence

Associated soft tissue injury

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9
Q

What is the presentation of an ACL tear?

A

Forward momentum on fixed flexion +/- rotation
Often audible pop
Quick pain and swelling
Unstable feeling knee but often able to weight bear
Anterior draw test +

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10
Q

What are the investigations done for ACL tear?

A

XR- rule out avulsion injury

MRI

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11
Q

What is the management of ACL injuries?

A

Rest, ice, brace, analgesia
Intense physio
Surgical reconstruction

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12
Q

What is the presentation of a PCL tear?

A 
Hypertexteion injury or anterior force to tibia 
Posterior draw + 
Posterior sag +
Pain
Able to weight bear
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13
Q

What is the investigation of a PCL tear?

A

AP and lateral XR

Kneeling PCL stress test

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14
Q

What is the presentation of a meniscal injury?

A 
Twisting movement on loaded fixed knee 
Painful "squelch"
Slow to swell
Painful ti weight bear, gives way
Locked knee
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15
Q

What investigations are done for meniscal tear?

A

XR

Consider MRI

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16
Q

What is the management of meniscal tear?

A

Surgical and post op physio

17
Q

What are the surgical options for meniscal tear?

A

Meniscal repair- if clean and clear

Partial meniscectomy if complex or degenerative

18
Q

What is the presentation of a collateral ligament injury?

A 
Feel a "carck"
Sharp pain
Little to no swelling
Bruising to one side 
Usually able to walk
19
Q

How is collateral ligament injury diagnosed?

A

History and exam

20
Q

What is the management of collateral ligament injuries?

A

Supportive and physio

Rarely surgical

21
Q

What is the unhappy triad?

A

ACL
MCL
Meniscus
Commonly seen following lateral blow to knee

22
Q

What is OSgood-Schlatter disease?

A

Tibial apophysitis in sporty preteens and teenagers

23
Q

What is the presentation of Osgood Schletter disease?

A

Pain, tenderness and swelling over tibial tubercle

24
Q

What is the diagnosis and management of OSgood Schlatter’s?

A

Clinical diagnosis
Activity modification
Rest, ice and stretching

25
Q

Who is patellar tendinitis seen in?

A

Active, esp jumping sports

Overweight

26
Q

What is the presentation of patellar tendinitis?

A

Chronic anterior knee pain- worse after running , better at rest
Tenderness below patella
Swelling

27
Q

What is the management of patellar tendinitis?

A

Rest

Physio

28
Q

What is patellofemoral pain syndrome?

A

Knee pain resulting from mechanical and biochemical changes to patellofemoral joint
Multifactorial

29
Q

What is the presentation of patellofemoral pain syndrome?

A

Ill defined ache

Worsened by hills/stairs, squatting, prolonged sitting

30
Q

What is the management of patellofemoral pain syndrome?

A

Activity modification

Correction of specific factors- physio, bracing

Ortho AM (23 decks)

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