Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gastrointestinal > Inflammation and Tumours of Pancreas > Flashcards

Inflammation and Tumours of Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

exocrine pancreas function

A

acing cells secrete pancreatic enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

endocrine pancreas function

A

islets of langerhans secrete hormones into blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

islet’s of langerhan’s cells

A

beta
alpha
delta
F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what do beta cells secrete

A

insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do alpha cells secrete

A

glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do delta cells secrete

A

somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what do F cell secrete

A

pancreatic polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how is secretion of pancreatic fluid regulated

A

via vagus nerve and gastrin leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is secreted from acinar cells

A

protease
pancreatic lipase
pancreatic amylase
other enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

function of protease

A

digests polypeptides to peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

function of pancreatic lipase

A

digests triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

function of pancreatic amylase

A

digests carbohydrate into disaccharides/monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is secreted from epithelial cells lining pancreatic duct

A

bicarbonate

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

role of bicarbonate in pancreas

A

neutralises acidic gastric juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is pancreatitis

A

acute inflammatory process in the pancreas

involving regional tissues and remote organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

aetiology of pancreatitis

A 
I GET SMASHED;
idiopathic 
gallstone 
ethanol (alcohol)
trauma 
steroids
mumps (+hepatitis)
autoimmune 
scorpion bite 
hypercalcaemia, hyperparathyroidism, hyperlipidaemia 
ERCP
drugs (azathorpine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pathophysiology of pancreatitis

A

bile reflux theory

hyperstimulation of pancreatic acinar cells with cholecystokinin - auto digestion of the pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bile reflux theory

A

obstruction of common bile duct/pancreatic duct causing reflux of bile into pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

4 stages of auto-digestion of pancreas

A 
1. hypovolaemic shock 
hypocalcaemia 
2. retroperitoneal haemorrhage 
3. pancreatic necrosis 
4. abscess formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

clinical presentation of pancreatitis

A

acute onset epigastric pain - very severe
nausea and vomiting
jaundice
peritonitis - severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe radiation of epigastric pain in pancreatitis

A

radiates to back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

signs of pancreatitis

A

erythema abigne
Cullen’s sign
grey turner’s sign
elevated serum amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

tests for pancreatitis

A 
FBC
coagulation 
U&E
LFTs
calcium
glucose 
amylase/lipase
CRP
lactate 
arterial blood gases 
AXR
CXR
ultrasound 
CT
24
Q

presentation of CXR in pancreatitis

A

evaluates complications

pleural effusion

25
Q

presentation of AXR in pancreatitis

A

evaluates complications

sentinel loop

26
Q

prognostic criteria for pancreatitis

A

glasgow criteria

ranson’s criteria

27
Q

local complications of pancreatitis

A 
fluid collection 
pseudocysts 
abscess
necrosis +/- infection 
ascites
pleural effusion
28
Q

systemic complications of pancreatitis

A 
pulmonary failure
renal failure 
shock 
sepsis 
metabolic acidosis 
hyperglycaemia 
hypocalcaemia 
MODS
29
Q

treatment for pancreatitis

A

conservative
analgesia
IV fluids
ERCP - removal of common bile duct stones with obstruction

30
Q

conservative treatment in pancreatitis

A 
fluid restriction 
electrolytes
fluid balance
oxygen 
antibiotics if necessary
nutrition if necessary
31
Q

consequences of pancreatic pseudocysts

A

biliary obstruction

gastric outlet obstruction

32
Q

clinical features of pancreatic pseudocysts

A 
pain 
nausea
vomiting 
jaundice 
weight loss
33
Q

treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts

A

nothing
endoscopic/radiological/surgical drainage
resection

34
Q

treatment of pancreatic abscess

A

CT/ultrasound guided retroperitoneal or trans-peritoneal drainage to control sepsis

35
Q

describe chronic pancreatitis

A

progressive and irreversible damage of pancreas

loss of exocrine +/- endocrine function

36
Q

clinical features of chronic pancreatitis

A 
similar to acute pancreatitis 
masses
ascites
jaundice 
calcifications on imaging
37
Q

risk factors for chronic pancreatitis

A

alcohol hx
smokers
medications

38
Q

tests for chronic pancreatitis

A 
CXR
AXR
ultrasound 
CT
MRI
ERCP
39
Q

aetiology of chronic pancreatitis

A

alcohol
idiopathic
Pancreatic duct obstruction - congenital or acquired
autoimmune
tropical counties
hereditary - cystic fibrosis and alpha-1-anti-trypsin deficiency

40
Q

treatment for chronic pancreatitis

A

manage acute episodes as appropriate
creon - enzyme replacement therapy
surgery

41
Q

surgery for chronic pancreatitis

A

pustow procedure

frey procedure

42
Q

complications of chronic pacreaitits

A 
splenic vein thrombosis 
pseduoaneurysm - splenic artery 
pleural effusion 
ascites
pancreatic cancer
pseudocysts
biliary obstruction
duodenal obstruction
43
Q

describe duodenal obstruction

A

oedema due to acute flare up
fibrosis and pancreatic head tumour
pseudocysts

44
Q

treatment for duodenal obstruction

A

stent
bypass
resection

45
Q

exocrine tumours

A

adenocarcinoma - most common

46
Q

endocrine tumours

A

gastrinoma
insulinoma
glucagonoma

47
Q

describe gastrinoma

A

produces gastric
increases stomach acid
history of peptic ulcer disease

48
Q

describe insulinoma

A

produces insulin
encourages sugar uptake and storage
hypoglycaemia

49
Q

describe glucoagonoma

A

produces glucagon
increases serum blood sugars
hyperglycaemia

50
Q

symptoms of pancreatic tumours

A 
jaundice 
steatorrhoea 
dark urine 
weight loss
back pain
51
Q

risk factors for pancreatic tumours

A

smoking
charred meat
obesity
diabetes (type 2 more at risk)

52
Q

tests for pancreatic tumours

A 
blood tests
ultrasund 
CT
MRI 
ERCP
53
Q

treatment for pancreatic tumours - inoperable cases

A

ERCP or PTC or stent insertion
decompression of obstructed biliary ducts
chemo-/radiotherapy

54
Q

treatment for pancreatic tumours - operable cases

A

laparoscopy and staging
ERCP stent
resection or palliative biliary bypass
chemo-/radiotherapy

55
Q

surgery for pancreatic tumours

A

whipple
distal pancreatectomy
total pancreatectomy

Gastrointestinal (71 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions