Shoulder and Elbow Problems Flashcards
Upper Limb Fractures Shoulder Dislocations Frozen Shoulder Rotator Cuff Injury Arthritis Golfer and Tennis Elbow
Which shoulder/elbow injuries are common in teenagers?
Fractures
Instability
Which shoulder/elbow injuries are common around age 30-40s?
Rotator Cuff
Capsulitis
Which shoulder/elbow injuries are common in 50s and 60s?
Impingement
Acromioclavicular joint
Which shoulder/elbow injuries are common in 70s?
Degenerative rotator cuff and joints
Cause of upper limb fractures in the young
High enery impact
Causes of upper limb fractures in elderly
Osteoporotic injury
What is the incidence of the 3 types of shoulder dislocation>
Anterior - 90%
Posterior - 9%
Inferior - 1%
What can cause posterior shoulder dislocation?
Electrocution
Seizures
What is a common risk to those who have dislocated their shoulder under 20 years of age?
Recurrent instability
What is a bankart tear/lesion and what risk does it have?
Tear in the labrum
Increases risk of further dislocation in younger patients
Treatment for shoulder dislocation
Manipulation
Immobilisation
Physiotherapy
Surgery
A painful arc on abduction of the shoulder suggests which shoulder pathology?
Subacromial impingement
According to Bigliani 1991 subacromial impingement is pain and dysfunction caused by which 2 changes?
Decreased volume in the subacromial space
Increased content
What can cause a decrease in volume in the subacromial space?
Extra bone - irritates the tendon –> pain
What can lead to an increase of content in the subacromial space resulting in a painful arc?
Swollen bursa
What is the treatment for subacromial impingement?
Steroid injection
Physiotherapy - rehab of rotator cuff
Arthroscopic subacromial decompression
Frozen shoulder is a condition also known as…?
Adhesive Capsulitis
Signs and symptoms of frozen shoulder
Pain - constant, affects sleep
Can bend to 90 degrees passively
External rotation less than 50% of normal unaffected side
Name 3 differentials for shoulder pain
Infection
Calcific tendonitis
Frozen shoulder