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MSK Year 3 > Anatomy of Hip and Knee > Flashcards

Anatomy of Hip and Knee Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

Ball and socket synovial joint

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2
Q

How do the bones articulate in the hip joint?

A

Head of femur articulates with acetabulum of hip

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3
Q

What increases the depth of the acetabulum?

A

Fibrocartilaginous acetabulum LABRUM

& transverse acetabular ligament

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4
Q

Which part of the head of the femur is not covered in articular cartilage?

A

The fovea

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5
Q

What attaches to the fovea of the head of the femur?

A

Ligament of the head of femur

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6
Q

3 ligaments of the joint capsule in the hip

A

Iliofemoral
Ischiofemoral
Pubofemoral

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7
Q

Chief flexor of the hip joint

A

Iliopsoas

Iliacus and psoas major

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8
Q

Other flexors of the hip

A 
Sartorius
Adductor longus, brevis, magnus
Rectus femoris
Tensor fasciae latae
Pectineus
Gracilis
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9
Q

Hip Extensors

A

Gluteus maximus
Hamstrings
Adductor magnus

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10
Q

Name the hamstring muscles

A

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris

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11
Q

Hip adductors

A

Pectineus
Adductor longus, brevis, magnus
Obturator externus
Gracilis

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12
Q

Hip abductors and medial rotators

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae

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13
Q

Lateral rotators of the hip

A 
Obturator internus & externus
Piriformis
Gluteus maximus
Gemelli
Quadratus femoris
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14
Q

Blood supply to the hip joint

A

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries

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15
Q

The medial and lateral circumflex arteries are branches of which artery

A

Profunda femoris

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16
Q

Which artery supplies the head of the femur

A

Obturator

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17
Q

Nerve supply of the hip joint (3)

A

Obturator
Femoral
Superior gluteal

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18
Q

Which type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Hinge synovial joint

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19
Q

Name the 2 articular surfaces in the knee joint

A

Femoro-tibial

Femoro-patellar

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20
Q

5 capsular ligaments of the knee joint

A 
Patellar ligament
Medial collateral
Lateral collateral
Oblique popliteal
Arcuate popliteal
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21
Q

The oblique popliteal ligament is an expansion of the tendon of which muscle?

A

Semimembranosus

22
Q

How many bursae are there around the knee joint?

A

12

23
Q

Which 4 bursae communicate with the joint cavity?

A

Suprapatellar
Popliteal
Anserine bursa
Gastrocnemius bursa

24
Q

From where does the tibial / medial collateral ligament extend?

A

Medial epicondyle of the femur
to
medial condyle and medial surface of tibia

25
Q

To which structure do the deep fibres of the medial collateral ligament attach?

A

Medial meniscus

26
Q

From where does the fibular/lateral collateral ligament extend?

A

Lateral epicondyle of femur
to
head of fibula

27
Q

The tendon of which muscle passes deep to the fibular/lateral collateral ligament

A

Popliteus

28
Q

Which of the cruciate ligaments is the weakest?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament - poor blood supply

29
Q

Function of anterior cruciate ligament?

A

Prevents posterior displacement of femur on tibia
Prevents hyperextension of the knee
Limits posterior rolling of femoral condyles on tibia

30
Q

Function of posterior cruciate ligament?

A

Limits anterior rolling of femur on tibia

Prevents hyperflexion of knee

31
Q

Function of menisci in the knee

A 
Deepen the surface
Shock absorption
Load transmission
Stability
Proprioception
32
Q

Which meniscus is smaller and more moveable?

A

Lateral

33
Q

The tendon of which muscle separates the lateral meniscus from the Posterior Cruciate Ligament?

A

Popliteus

34
Q

Flexors of the knee joint

A 
Hamstrings
Sartorius
Gracilis
Gastrocnemius
Popliteus
35
Q

Extensors of the knee

A

Quadriceps femoris

36
Q

What is the normal angle of the hip joint?

A

around 130 degrees

37
Q

Describe the angle of the hip joint if cox valga

A

Over 140 degrees

38
Q

Describe the angle of the hip joint if cox vara

A

Less than 125 degrees

39
Q

Normal angle of femur anterversion

A

15 degrees

40
Q

Normal angle of acetabular anterversion

A

20 degrees

41
Q

Innervation of hip flexors

A

Femoral nerve

42
Q

Innervation of hip extensors

A

Glut max - inferior gluteal nerve

Hamstrings - sciatic nerve

43
Q

Innervation of hip abductors

A

Superior Gluteal nerve

44
Q

Innervation of hip adductors

A

Obturator nerve

45
Q

Innervation of internal rotators

A

Superior gluteal

46
Q

Innervation of lateral rotators

A 
Glut max - inferior gluteal
Gemelli - nerve t obturator internus
Obturator externus - obturator nerve
Obturator internus - nerve to obturator internus
Quadriceps femoris - nerve to q femoris
47
Q

Blood supply of ligamentum teres

A

Acetabular branch of obturator artery

48
Q

What type of bone is the patella?

A

Sesamoid

49
Q

Innervation of knee extensors

A

Femoral nerve

50
Q

Innervation of knee flexors

A

Hamstrings - Sciatic nerve

Gastrocnemius - S1

51
Q

List possible knee injuries

A 
Meniscal tear
Ligament injuries
OCD lesions - Osteochondritis dissecans
Loose bodies
Fractures
Quads/Patellar tendon ruptures

MSK Year 3 (8 decks)

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