Anatomy of Hip and Knee

Question 1

What type of joint is the hip joint?

Answer 1

Ball and socket synovial joint

Question 2

How do the bones articulate in the hip joint?

Answer 2

Head of femur articulates with acetabulum of hip

Question 3

What increases the depth of the acetabulum?

Answer 3

Fibrocartilaginous acetabulum LABRUM

& transverse acetabular ligament

Question 4

Which part of the head of the femur is not covered in articular cartilage?

Answer 4

The fovea

Question 5

What attaches to the fovea of the head of the femur?

Answer 5

Ligament of the head of femur

Question 6

3 ligaments of the joint capsule in the hip

Answer 6

Iliofemoral
Ischiofemoral
Pubofemoral

Question 7

Chief flexor of the hip joint

Answer 7

Iliopsoas

Iliacus and psoas major

Question 8

Other flexors of the hip

Answer 8

Sartorius
Adductor longus, brevis, magnus
Rectus femoris
Tensor fasciae latae
Pectineus
Gracilis

Question 9

Hip Extensors

Answer 9

Gluteus maximus
Hamstrings
Adductor magnus

Question 10

Name the hamstring muscles

Answer 10

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris

Question 11

Hip adductors

Answer 11

Pectineus
Adductor longus, brevis, magnus
Obturator externus
Gracilis

Question 12

Hip abductors and medial rotators

Answer 12

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae

Question 13

Lateral rotators of the hip

Answer 13

Obturator internus & externus
Piriformis
Gluteus maximus
Gemelli
Quadratus femoris

Question 14

Blood supply to the hip joint

Answer 14

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries

Question 15

The medial and lateral circumflex arteries are branches of which artery

Answer 15

Profunda femoris

Question 16

Which artery supplies the head of the femur

Answer 16

Obturator

Question 17

Nerve supply of the hip joint (3)

Answer 17

Obturator
Femoral
Superior gluteal

Question 18

Which type of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 18

Hinge synovial joint

Question 19

Name the 2 articular surfaces in the knee joint

Answer 19

Femoro-tibial

Femoro-patellar

Question 20

5 capsular ligaments of the knee joint

Answer 20

Patellar ligament
Medial collateral
Lateral collateral
Oblique popliteal
Arcuate popliteal

Question 21

The oblique popliteal ligament is an expansion of the tendon of which muscle?

Answer 21

Semimembranosus

Question 22

How many bursae are there around the knee joint?

Answer 22

12

Question 23

Which 4 bursae communicate with the joint cavity?

Answer 23

Suprapatellar
Popliteal
Anserine bursa
Gastrocnemius bursa

Question 24

From where does the tibial / medial collateral ligament extend?

Answer 24

Medial epicondyle of the femur
to
medial condyle and medial surface of tibia

Question 25

To which structure do the deep fibres of the medial collateral ligament attach?

Answer 25

Medial meniscus

Question 26

From where does the fibular/lateral collateral ligament extend?

Answer 26

Lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula

Question 27

The tendon of which muscle passes deep to the fibular/lateral collateral ligament

Answer 27

Popliteus

Question 28

Which of the cruciate ligaments is the weakest?

Answer 28

Anterior cruciate ligament - poor blood supply

Question 29

Function of anterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 29

Prevents posterior displacement of femur on tibia Prevents hyperextension of the knee Limits posterior rolling of femoral condyles on tibia

Question 30

Function of posterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 30

Limits anterior rolling of femur on tibia | Prevents hyperflexion of knee

Question 31

Function of menisci in the knee

Answer 31

``` Deepen the surface Shock absorption Load transmission Stability Proprioception ```

Question 32

Which meniscus is smaller and more moveable?

Answer 32

Lateral

Question 33

The tendon of which muscle separates the lateral meniscus from the Posterior Cruciate Ligament?

Answer 33

Popliteus

Question 34

Flexors of the knee joint

Answer 34

``` Hamstrings Sartorius Gracilis Gastrocnemius Popliteus ```

Question 35

Extensors of the knee

Answer 35

Quadriceps femoris

Question 36

What is the normal angle of the hip joint?

Answer 36

around 130 degrees

Question 37

Describe the angle of the hip joint if cox valga

Answer 37

Over 140 degrees

Question 38

Describe the angle of the hip joint if cox vara

Answer 38

Less than 125 degrees

Question 39

Normal angle of femur anterversion

Answer 39

15 degrees

Question 40

Normal angle of acetabular anterversion

Answer 40

20 degrees

Question 41

Innervation of hip flexors

Answer 41

Femoral nerve

Question 42

Innervation of hip extensors

Answer 42

Glut max - inferior gluteal nerve | Hamstrings - sciatic nerve

Question 43

Innervation of hip abductors

Answer 43

Superior Gluteal nerve

Question 44

Innervation of hip adductors

Answer 44

Obturator nerve

Question 45

Innervation of internal rotators

Answer 45

Superior gluteal

Question 46

Innervation of lateral rotators

Answer 46

``` Glut max - inferior gluteal Gemelli - nerve t obturator internus Obturator externus - obturator nerve Obturator internus - nerve to obturator internus Quadriceps femoris - nerve to q femoris ```

Question 47

Blood supply of ligamentum teres

Answer 47

Acetabular branch of obturator artery

Question 48

What type of bone is the patella?

Answer 48

Sesamoid

Question 49

Innervation of knee extensors

Answer 49

Femoral nerve

Question 50

Innervation of knee flexors

Answer 50

Hamstrings - Sciatic nerve | Gastrocnemius - S1

Question 51

List possible knee injuries

Answer 51

``` Meniscal tear Ligament injuries OCD lesions - Osteochondritis dissecans Loose bodies Fractures Quads/Patellar tendon ruptures ```