Anatomy of Shoulder and Elbow

Question 1

To what degree is the humerus retroverted?

Answer 1

30 degrees

Question 2

Which muscles are attached to the greater tuberosity of the humerus?

Answer 2

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

Question 3

Which muscle is attached to the lesser tuberosity of the humerus?

Answer 3

Subscapularis

Question 4

Function of the clavicle

Answer 4

Support the shoulder
Protect brachial plexus
Attachment for muscles

Question 5

Which muscles are attached to the clavicle?

Answer 5

Trapezius
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Subclavius
Sternocleidomastoid
Sternohyoid

Question 6

Which ligaments are attached to the clavicle?

Answer 6

Coracoclavicular
Coracoacromial
Acromioclavicular

Question 7

The glenohumeral joint is comprised of which 3 structures?

Answer 7

Capsule
Ligaments
Labrum

Question 8

Name the ligaments of the glenohumeral joint

Answer 8

Superior glenohumeral ligament
Middle glenohumeral ligament
Inferior glenohumeral ligament

Question 9

What movement does the inferior glenohumeral ligament restrict?

Answer 9

Constrains abduction greater than 45 degrees

Question 10

What type of tissue is the labrum?

Answer 10

Fibrocartilaginous

Question 11

What is the function of the labrum in the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 11

Increases the depth and surface area of the joint

Limits glenohumeral translation

Question 12

A Bankart lesion is found in what type of dislocation?

Answer 12

Anterior shoulder dislocation

Question 13

How is the labrum injured and humerus dislocated in an anterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 13

Labrum injured anteriorly

Humerus can dislocate into pocket

Question 14

Which nerve is affected in injuries of the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 14

Axillary nerve

Question 15

How might the axillary nerve come to be injured?

Answer 15

Surgical neck of humerus fracture

Shoulder dislocation

Question 16

Clinical signs of axillary nerve injury

Answer 16

Deltoid weakness

Sensory loss in badge area

Question 17

3 functions of muscles in rotator cuff

Answer 17

Blend with capsule to protect and stabilise
Hold head of humerus against cavity during shoulder movement
Rotators of shoulder joint

Question 18

Which muscle in the rotator cuff is not a rotator of the shoulder joint?

Answer 18

Supraspinatus

Question 19

Which nerves are involved in the rotator cuff?

Answer 19

Brachial Plexus

• Musculocutaneous
• Suprascapular
• Axillary

Question 20

Which artery is associated with the rotator cuff?

Answer 20

Humeral circumflex artery

Question 21

Function of rotator cuff

Answer 21

Integrated motion of 4 joints

• Sternoclavicular
• Acromioclavicular
• Glenohumeral
• Scapulothoracic articulation

Question 22

Which muscles flex the shoulder joint (4)?

Answer 22

Pectoralis major
Corachobrachialis
Biceps
Deltoid

Question 23

Which muscles extend the shoulder joint?

Answer 23

Deltoid
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi

Question 24

Which muscles abduct the shoulder joint?

Answer 24

Deltoid

Supraspinatus

Question 25

Which muscles adduct the shoulder joint?

Answer 25

Pectoralis major | Latissimus dorsi

Question 26

Which muscles medially rotate the shoulder joint?

Answer 26

Teres major | Subscapularis

Question 27

Which muscles laterally rotate the shoulder joint?

Answer 27

Teres minor | Infraspinatus

Question 28

Muscles responsible for scapular movement

Answer 28

``` Trapezius Rhomboid Levator scapulae Serratus anterior Pectoralis minor ```

Question 29

A winged scapula occurs as a result of weakness in which muscle?

Answer 29

Serratus anterior

Question 30

3 bones forming elbow joint

Answer 30

Humerus Ulna Radius

Question 31

2 Ligaments of the elbow joint

Answer 31

Radial collateral | Ulnar collateral

Question 32

What are the attachment points of the ulnar collateral ligament?

Answer 32

Medial epicondyle to coronoid process and olecranon

Question 33

What are the attachement points of the radial collateral ligament?

Answer 33

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 34

Which ligament does the radial collateral ligament blend with?

Answer 34

Annular ligament

Question 35

Which muscles flex the elbow joint?

Answer 35

Anterior - biceps brachii - brachialis - brachioradialis

Question 36

Which muscles extend the elbow joint?

Answer 36

Posterior - Triceps - Anconeus * *GRAVITY EXTENDS THE ELBOW JOINT**

Question 37

Which type of joint is the radioulnar joint?

Answer 37

Syndesmosis- fibrous joint | Pivot

Question 38

Movements of the radioulnar joint

Answer 38

Pronation | Supination

Question 39

The radius rotates during pronation. Which muscles are responsible in producing this movement?

Answer 39

Pronator teres Pronator quadratus + gravity

Question 40

Which muscles are responsible for supination?

Answer 40

Supinator | Biceps brachii

Question 41

Which nerve is damaged if patient presents with wrist drop?

Answer 41

Radial

Question 42

How might the radial nerve be injured?

Answer 42

Humeral fracture