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MSK Year 3 > Anatomy of Shoulder and Elbow > Flashcards

Anatomy of Shoulder and Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

To what degree is the humerus retroverted?

A

30 degrees

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2
Q

Which muscles are attached to the greater tuberosity of the humerus?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

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3
Q

Which muscle is attached to the lesser tuberosity of the humerus?

A

Subscapularis

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4
Q

Function of the clavicle

A

Support the shoulder
Protect brachial plexus
Attachment for muscles

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5
Q

Which muscles are attached to the clavicle?

A 
Trapezius
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Subclavius
Sternocleidomastoid
Sternohyoid
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6
Q

Which ligaments are attached to the clavicle?

A

Coracoclavicular
Coracoacromial
Acromioclavicular

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7
Q

The glenohumeral joint is comprised of which 3 structures?

A

Capsule
Ligaments
Labrum

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8
Q

Name the ligaments of the glenohumeral joint

A

Superior glenohumeral ligament
Middle glenohumeral ligament
Inferior glenohumeral ligament

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9
Q

What movement does the inferior glenohumeral ligament restrict?

A

Constrains abduction greater than 45 degrees

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10
Q

What type of tissue is the labrum?

A

Fibrocartilaginous

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11
Q

What is the function of the labrum in the glenohumeral joint?

A

Increases the depth and surface area of the joint

Limits glenohumeral translation

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12
Q

A Bankart lesion is found in what type of dislocation?

A

Anterior shoulder dislocation

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13
Q

How is the labrum injured and humerus dislocated in an anterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Labrum injured anteriorly

Humerus can dislocate into pocket

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14
Q

Which nerve is affected in injuries of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Axillary nerve

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15
Q

How might the axillary nerve come to be injured?

A

Surgical neck of humerus fracture

Shoulder dislocation

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16
Q

Clinical signs of axillary nerve injury

A

Deltoid weakness

Sensory loss in badge area

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17
Q

3 functions of muscles in rotator cuff

A

Blend with capsule to protect and stabilise
Hold head of humerus against cavity during shoulder movement
Rotators of shoulder joint

18
Q

Which muscle in the rotator cuff is not a rotator of the shoulder joint?

A

Supraspinatus

19
Q

Which nerves are involved in the rotator cuff?

A

Brachial Plexus

  • Musculocutaneous
  • Suprascapular
  • Axillary
20
Q

Which artery is associated with the rotator cuff?

A

Humeral circumflex artery

21
Q

Function of rotator cuff

A

Integrated motion of 4 joints

  • Sternoclavicular
  • Acromioclavicular
  • Glenohumeral
  • Scapulothoracic articulation
22
Q

Which muscles flex the shoulder joint (4)?

A

Pectoralis major
Corachobrachialis
Biceps
Deltoid

23
Q

Which muscles extend the shoulder joint?

A

Deltoid
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi

24
Q

Which muscles abduct the shoulder joint?

A

Deltoid

Supraspinatus

25
Q

Which muscles adduct the shoulder joint?

A

Pectoralis major

Latissimus dorsi

26
Q

Which muscles medially rotate the shoulder joint?

A

Teres major

Subscapularis

27
Q

Which muscles laterally rotate the shoulder joint?

A

Teres minor

Infraspinatus

28
Q

Muscles responsible for scapular movement

A 
Trapezius
Rhomboid
Levator scapulae
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis minor
29
Q

A winged scapula occurs as a result of weakness in which muscle?

A

Serratus anterior

30
Q

3 bones forming elbow joint

A

Humerus
Ulna
Radius

31
Q

2 Ligaments of the elbow joint

A

Radial collateral

Ulnar collateral

32
Q

What are the attachment points of the ulnar collateral ligament?

A

Medial epicondyle to coronoid process and olecranon

33
Q

What are the attachement points of the radial collateral ligament?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

34
Q

Which ligament does the radial collateral ligament blend with?

A

Annular ligament

35
Q

Which muscles flex the elbow joint?

A

Anterior

  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
  • brachioradialis
36
Q

Which muscles extend the elbow joint?

A

Posterior

  • Triceps
  • Anconeus
  • *GRAVITY EXTENDS THE ELBOW JOINT**
37
Q

Which type of joint is the radioulnar joint?

A

Syndesmosis- fibrous joint

Pivot

38
Q

Movements of the radioulnar joint

A

Pronation

Supination

39
Q

The radius rotates during pronation. Which muscles are responsible in producing this movement?

A

Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus

+ gravity

40
Q

Which muscles are responsible for supination?

A

Supinator

Biceps brachii

41
Q

Which nerve is damaged if patient presents with wrist drop?

A

Radial

42
Q

How might the radial nerve be injured?

A

Humeral fracture

MSK Year 3 (8 decks)

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