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MSK Year 3 > Conditions of the Knee > Flashcards

Conditions of the Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Acute cause of meniscal tears

A

Twisting in deep flexion

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2
Q

Degenerative cause of meniscal tears

A

Osteoarthritis

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3
Q

Why are medial meniscal tears more common?

A

Attached to medial collateral ligament, fixed structure

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4
Q

Presentation of meniscal tear

A

Pain
Clicking
Locking
Intermittent swelling

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5
Q

Examination findings in meniscal tear

A 
Effusion
Tender joint line at point of tear
Mechanical block to movement
McMurrays test positive
Fail to deep squat
Thessaly's test positive
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6
Q

Investigation for meniscal tear

A

Xray

MRI

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7
Q

Treatment for meniscal tear

A

Rest
NSAIDs
Physio - Quad and hamstring strengthening

Operative - arthroscopy - repair and resection

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8
Q

Positive tests for meniscal tear

A

McMurray’s

Thessaly’s

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9
Q

Describe osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative change of synovial joint - loss of cartilage and secondary bony changes
Pain and stiffness of affected joint

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10
Q

The anterior cruciate ligament runs between which structures?

A

Tibial eminences

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11
Q

What is the blood supply of the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

Middle geniculate artery

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12
Q

What is the nerve supply of the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

Posterior articular nerve - branch of tibial

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13
Q

Function of the ACL

A

Restraint to anterior translation of tibia relative to femur

Secondary restraint to tibial rotation and varus/valgus stress

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14
Q

How is the ACL most commonly injured?

A

Non contact pivotal injury
Females
Weak quadriceps

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15
Q

Presentation of ACL tear

A

Popping/cracking
Immediate swelling
Cannot continue playing
Deep pain

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16
Q

Findings on examination of ACL

A

Effusion

Anterior Draw
Lachmann’s test
Pivot shift - do under anaesthetic

17
Q

Investigations for ACL tear

A

X-ray
MRI
Look at menisci

18
Q

Non-operative treatment for ACL tear

A

Focused Quadriceps programme

19
Q

Operative treatment for ACL tear

A

ACL reconstruction
+ partial menisectomy
+/- ligament repair or augmentation
+ hamstring graft

20
Q

Which movement does the MCL assist?

A

Full knee extension

21
Q

What is the most common ligamen injury of the knee?

A

Medial Collateral ligament

22
Q

How is the MCL injured?

A

Severe valgus stress

Contact related

23
Q

Associated injuries with MCL tear

A

ACL

Medial meniscus

24
Q

Presentation of MCL tear

A 
Cracking, popping
Pain
Unable to continue playing
Bruising medial side of knee
Localised swelling
25
Q

Examination of MCL tear

A

Medial swelling and bruising
Tender medial joint, tender femoral insertion
Painful in full extension, opening on valgus stress

26
Q

Investigation of MCL tear

A

X-ray

MRI

27
Q

Treatment of MCL tear

A

Rest
NSAIDs
Physio
Brace

Repair or reconstruction

28
Q

What is osteochondritis dissecans?

A

Pathological lesion affecting articular cartilage and subchondral bone

Juvenile form or Adult

29
Q

Causes of osteochondritis dissecans

A

Hereditary
Trauma
Vascular

30
Q

What is the adult-only cause of osteochondritis dissecans?

A

Vascular

31
Q

Most common location of osteochondritis dissecans

A

Posterolateral aspect of medial femoral condyle

32
Q

Presentation of osteochondritis dissecans

A

Activity-related pain
Recurrent effusions
Locking and block to full movement

33
Q

Examination findings for osteochondritis dissecans

A

Effusion
Tenderness
Block to movement
Wilsons test positive - internal rotation

34
Q

Investigation for osteochondritis dissecans

A

Xray

MRI

35
Q

Non-operative treatment for osteochondritis dissecans

A

Restrict weight-bearing

ROM brace

36
Q

Operative treatment for osteochondritis dissecans

A

Arthroscopy - subchondral drilling
Fixation of loose fragment

Open fixation

MSK Year 3 (8 decks)

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