Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kin 187 > Neuromuscular condition 2: Spinal Cord Injury > Flashcards

Neuromuscular condition 2: Spinal Cord Injury Flashcards

1
Q

What is spinal cord injury

A

A complete or incomplete loss of somatic, sensory and autonomic functions below the lesion level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lesions in the cervical region typically result in

A

Tetraplegia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lesions in the thoracic, lumbar and sacral regions lead to

A

Paraplegia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

C4 in the spine is

A

Artificial support for breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

C5 - C8 in the spine is

A

Control of shoulder, elbow and wrist

Decreased hand function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T1 - T6 in the spine is

A

Autonomic dysreflexia

Poor thermoregulation

Orthostatic hypotension

Diminished breathing capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Autonomic dysreflexia

A

An uncoordinated spinally mediated reflex response called the mass reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T6 - L2 in the spine is

A

Respiratory and motor control depends on abdominal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

L2 - S2 in the spine is

A

Lack of voluntary control

Normal upper extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Approx how many spinal cord injury possess tetraplegia

How many in men

A

50%

80% are men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Spinal cord injury of traumatic origin usually occurs at

A

Early age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Individuals with spinal cord injury have ______ for developing secondary complications

A

High risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes spinal cord injury

A

Accidents

Infection

Tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What injuries are result of spinal cord injury

A

Paraplegia

Tetraplegia

Segmental neuromuscular

Autonomic

physiologic impairment

Spinal bifida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Primary injury refers to

A

Acute spinal cord injury

Such as:
Contusion
Shear
Compression
Laceration
Stretch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Secondary injury refers to

A

Systemic injury to neurons and cells nearby

Cellular injury 1

Cellular injury 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Systemic injury to neurons and cells nearby involves

A

Hypotension

Hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cellular injury 1 involves

A

Reperfusion of ischemic area

Leads to free radicals

Excitotoxicity

Neuronal malfunction

Death

19
Q

Cellular injury 2 involves

A

Neutrophils

Macrophages

Pro inflammatory cytokines

Glial scars

20
Q

What are the barrier to regeneration and recovery

A

Cell necrosis

Cell apoptosis

Myelin loss

Oligodendrocyte

Glial scar

Cyst formation

Myelin matrix inhibition

21
Q

Primary injury acutely leads to

Which then leads to

Also causes

A

Neuronal damage/disruption

Spinal cord, axon, demyelination and cell death

Also:
Cytokine release
Hemorrhage

22
Q

Primary injury processed leads to

A

Inhibitory proteoglycan scar

Limited schwann cell remyelination

Restricted axonal regrowth

23
Q

What is the cycle of deconditioning

A

Spinal cord injury

Muscle paralysis

Less physical activity

Lower fitness

Change in body - more fat and less muscle

High risk factors/chronic disease

Causes more of cycle to occurs

24
Q

Management and medication for spinal cord injury is

A

Complex due to associated complications

List is on slide 12

25
Q

What is the exercise response to spinal cord injury

A

Limited mobility

Restricted peak values (around half)

Orthostatic and exercise hypotensive

Peak heart rate typically do not exceed 120 bpm

26
Q

What is the exercise testing for spinal cord injury INITIALLY

A

Function assessment

Such as trunk ROM, wheelchar mobility

Allows to facilitate choice of exercise equipment etc

27
Q

What should we consider when doing exercise testing for spinal cord injury

A

The purpose of the exercise test

The level of spinal cord injury

The physical fitness level

To optimise equipment and protocol selection

28
Q

What cardioresipiratory exercise test can be done for spinal cord injury

A

Arm ergometer

Cycle ergometer

Wheelchair ergometer

Rowing

29
Q

Arm ergometry is

A

The easiest way to perform

The reference method

May not be accurate

30
Q

Stationary wheelchair roller system allows for

A

Realistic simulation of external condition

31
Q

What is vital to do after exercise testing in patients with tetraplegia

A 
To treat for post exercise hypotension and exhaustion with:
Rest, 
Recumbency, 
Leg elevation
Fluid ingestion
32
Q

What should spinal cord injury patients exercise prescription consist of

A

Wheelchair mobility:

Develop joint contracture

Muscle spasticity and position in wheelchair

Excessive wheelchair pushing and manual transfers

Upper extremity stretching and strengthening program needed to promote muscular balance around joints

Prevent upper extremity overuse

33
Q

Why do spinal cord patients who are prescribed exercise need to have upper extremity stretching and strengthening

A

To promote muscular balance around joints

34
Q

What are the special considerations (conditions) for patients with spinal cord injury

A

Depression

Cognitive impairment and learning diability

Osteopenia

Osteoporosis

Bradycardia

Monitor blood pressure - due to hypotension

35
Q

Spinal cord injury patients should do what before exercising

Why

A

Empty bowels and bladder

Due to autonomic dysreflexia can be triggered by a full bladder or bowel distension

36
Q

Decreased cardiovascular performance be found in in individuals with

Why is this

A

Complete spinal cord injury above T6

Have tetraplegia

They have no cardiac sympathetic innervation with HRpeak limited to 115 - 130 bpm

37
Q

Individuals with high spinal lesions may reach their ______, ________, and _______ at ________ than those with paraplegia with lesion levels below T5 to T6

A

Peak HR
CO
VO2
At lower exercise levels

38
Q

During exercise what does autonomic dysreflexia result in

A

Increased release of catecholamines

Increases HR, VO2, BP and exercise capacity

Excessive BP elevation 250-300 mmHG SBP

39
Q

If there has been an increase release of caecholamines from autonmoic dysreflexia, what is immediate emergency response

A

Stop exercise

Sit upright to decrease BP

Identify and remove the irritating stimulus

40
Q

If serious symptoms persist what is required

A

Medical attention

41
Q

In competition, athletes with a resting SBP of greater or equal to 180 mm HG should

A

Not be allowed to compete

42
Q

Individuals who have higher spinal cord levels such as tetraplegia may benefit from

A

use of lower body positive pressure

Such as:
Compressive stockings
Electrical stimulation to leg muscles

43
Q

What is the bottom line for spinal cord injury patients

A

Proper exercise and physical activity reduce the prevalence of secondary complications

Level of spinal cord lesion must be considered

Individuals with spinal cord injury have compromised thermoregulatory responses to exercise - problem with endurance exercise

Kin 187 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions