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NUR149 - Week 8 to Week > Week 13 Practice Quiz (29%) > Flashcards

Week 13 Practice Quiz (29%) Flashcards

0
Q

Which of the following is consistent with homeostasis?
A. As body temp rises, sweating occurs to cool the body
B. when a person drinks large quantities of water, urine output decreases to raise blood volume
C. Elevated blood glucose levels cause insulin secretion to decline
D. Decreases in blood pressure cause a corresponding decrease in heart rate
E. as blood pressure fails, blood flow to the heart decreases

A

A. As body temp rises, sweating occurs to cool the body

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1
Q

In positive feedback, the initial stimulus produces a response that
A. Suppresses the stimulus
B. has no effect on the stimulus
C. Interferes with the completion of the process
D. Exaggerates the stimulus
E. impedes the stimulus

A

D. Exaggerates the stimulus

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2
Q

An example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temp would be
A. Temp sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus
B. sweat glands that increase secretion
C. Regulatory centres that send commands to an effector
D. Effectors that cause blood vessels to dilate
E. sweat glands that act like effectors

A

A. Temp sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus

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3
Q 
This type of feedback amplifies the effects of a system
A. Negative
B. positive
C. Neutral
D. Depressing
E. all of the above
A

B. positive

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4
Q 
A person is lying on her back gazing at the ceiling. She is in the \_\_\_\_\_\_ position
A. Prone
B. supine
C. Posterior
D. Dorsal
E. caudal
A

B. supine

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5
Q 
A feedback system consists of three basic components: a control centre, a receptor and a(n) 
A. Modulator
B. generator
C. Integrator
D. Effector
E. regulator
A

D. Effector

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6
Q 
Osmometer cells sense changes in the concentration of blood plasma; therefore, they must be 
A. Receptors
B. control centers
C. Stimulators
D. Modulators
E. effectors
A

A. Receptors

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7
Q

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop?
A. A neutron is stimulated, thus opening membrane channels to allow sodium ions to leak from the extracellular fluid to the intercellular fluid. This causes more membrane channels to open, thus allowing more sodium ions to enter the intercellular fluid.
B. baroreceptors notify the brain that the blood pressure has increased. The brain then notifies the blood vessels to dilate, thus lowering the blood pressure
C. Low levels of glucose in the blood cause the pancreas to release less insulin (a hormone that lowers blood glucose)
D. Elevated body temp is sensed by cells in the brain. As a result, sweat is produced, and heat is lost as the water in the sweat evaporates
E. receptors detect deficient amounts of calcium ions in the blood. The receptors notify the parathyroid gland, which then releases a hormone that cause more calcium ions to be retained in the blood.

A

A. A neutron is stimulated, thus opening membrane channels to allow sodium ions o leak fom the extracellular fluid to the intracellular fluid. This causes mor membrane channels to open, thus allowing more sodium ions to enter the intracellular fluid

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8
Q

Which of the following cannot be present if homeostasis is maintained?
A. Negative feedback loops
B. disease or disorder
C. Positive feedback loops
D. Minor fluctuations in a controlled condition such as body temp
E. changes in the composition of the ECF

A

B. disease and disorder

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9
Q

In a negative feedback mechanism, the response of the effector
A. Reverses the original stimulus
B. enhances the original stimulus
C. Has no effect on the original stimulus
D. Is usually damaging to the body
E. creates a cycle that leads away from homeostasis

A

A. Reverses the original stimulus

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10
Q

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains
A. The lowest possible energy usage
B. a relatively stable internal environment, within limits
C. A static state with no deviation from preset points
D. A changing state, with an unlimited range
E. a relatively stable external environment, within limits

A

B. a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

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11
Q 
Interstitial fluid is the fluid
A. Inside blood vessels
B. inside cells
C. Between the cells
D. Inside lymph vessels
E. that is consumed as part of the diet
A

C. Between the cells

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12
Q

Which of the following is not considered to be an extracellular fluid?
A. The fluid inside cells
B. the fluid inside blood vessels
C. The fluid between cells
D. The fluid inside lymphatic vessels
E. the fluid around the brain and spinal cord

A

A. The fluid inside cells

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13
Q

Which of the following best describes the endocrine system?
A. It transmits regulatory signals via nerve impulses
B. it absorbs nutrients
C. It contains hair, skin and nails
D. It produces blood cells that transport oxygen
E. it transmits regulatory signals via the release of hormones into the blood

A

E. it transmits regulatory signals via the release of hormones into the blood

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14
Q

Which of the following is true of the endocrine system but not the nervous system
A. Directs long term processes such as pregnancy and puberty
B. communicates via chemical signals
C. Regulates activities of muscles and glands
D. A and B are correct
E. A, B and C are correct

A

A. Directs long term processes such as pregnancy and puberty

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15
Q

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is not correct?
A. It uses hormones, which are transported by the blood, to communicate with distant tissues
B. it’s hormones must bing to specific receptor sites in order to have effects on a tissue
C. It targets are limited to muscles, glands and nerves
D. It may take seconds, hours or days to respond to a stimulus
E. it’s actions may last seconds, hours or days

A

C. It targets are limited to muscles, glands and nerves

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16
Q 
Which mediator is considered to be both a neurotransmitter and a hormone?
A. Insulin
B. norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
C. Thyroid hormone 
D. Somatotropin
E. aldosterone
A

B. norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

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17
Q 
Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?
A. Thyroid gland
B. adrenal gland
C. Sudoriferous gland
D. Pituitary gland
E. parathyroid gland
A

C. Sudoriferous gland

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18
Q 
Which of the following does NOT contain endocrine tissue?
A. Hypothalamus
B. thymus
C. Heart
D. Gall bladder
E. kidney
A

D. Gall bladder

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19
Q

The anterior pituitary gland responds to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), but the posterior pituitary gland does not. Why?
A. Only anterior pituitary gland is permeable to GnRH
B. only the anterior pituitary gland is vascular
C. Only the anterior pituitary gland is connected by neurons to the hypothalamus
D. Only the anterior pituitary gland is connected to a duct carrying GnRH
E. only the anterior pituitary gland has receptors for GnRH

A

E. moly the anterior pituitary gland has receptors for GnRH

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20
Q

The hypothalamus
A. Is a link between the endocrine and nervous systems
B. release oxytocin and ADH into the blood but does not produce them
C. Regulates the posterior pituitary gland via releasing and inhibiting hormones
D. A and B are correct
E. A, B and C are correct

A

A. Is a link between the endocrine and nervous system

21
Q

The pituitary gland
A. Lies in the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
B. consists of two lobes, the adenohypophysis and the neurohypophysis
C. Develops from outgrowths of endoderm
D. A and B are correct
E. A, B and C are correct

A

B. consists of two lobes, the adenohypophysis and the neurohypophysis

22
Q

The anterior pituitary gland
A. Contains two cell types and secretes four different hormones
B. is regulated largely by positive feedback mechanisms and hormones from the pineal gland
C. Regulates the function of some other endocrine glands by secreting hormones called tropins
D. A and B are correct
E. A, B and C are correct

A

C. Regulates the function of some other endocrine glands by secreting hormones called tropins

23
Q

Which of the following is correct?
A. Only females produce prolactin
B. increased levels of stress may cause increased secretion of ACTH
C. MSH is required for normal thyroid function in humans
D. LH inhabits ovulation
E. TSH stimulates calcitonin production

A

B. increased levels of stress may cause increased secretion of ACTH

24
Q

The posterior pituitary gland
A. Is also called the adenophysis
B. contains pituicytes and the axons of neurons that originate in the hypothalamus
C. Synthesises ADH and OT
D. Releases ADH and OT into the hypophyseal artery
E. all of these are correct

A

B. contains pituicytes and the axons of neurons that originate in the hypothalamus

25
Q

The hormone oxytocin
A. Is made b females, but not males
B. inhabits uterine contractions
C. Stimulates ejection of milk from the breast
D. May be responsible for arousal before sexual intercourse
E. helps retain the attachment between the placenta and the uterus

A

C. Stimulates ejection of milk from the breast

26
Q

The thyroid gland
A. Lies posterior and superior to the larynx
B. contains follicular cells that secrete calcitonin
C. Contains parafollicular cells that secrete T3/T4
D. Helps regulate metabolism and Ca2+ levels
E. is embedded within the parathyroid gland

A

D. Helps regulate metabolism and Ca2+ levels

27
Q

The parathyroid glands
A. Are embedded within the thyroid gland
B. contain chief cells, which secrete PTH
C. Are controlled by negative feedback mechanisms
D. A and B are correct
E. A, B and C are correct

A

E. A, B and C are correct

28
Q

The adrenal glands
A. Lie superior and medial to the kidneys
B. have an inner medulla derived from embryonic ectoderm
C. Have an outer cortex that secretes hormones critical to maintenance of homeostasis
D. A and B ate correct
E. A, B and C are correct

A

E. A, B and C are correct

29
Q 
An eight year old child spent the day eating sweets. He ate cookies for breakfast, ice cream for lunch and lollies for dinner. How did his body maintain his blood glucose level within normal range?
A. By increasing glucagon secretion
B. by increasing cortisol secretion
C. By increasing insulin secretion
D. By increasing hGH secretion
E. by increasing ACTH secretion
A

C. By increasing insulin secretion

30
Q

The fight-or-flight response
A. Is the body’s immediate response to a real or perceived threat to survival
B. elevates heart and respiration rates and blood glucose level
C. Decreases urinary and digestive functions
D. Activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway
E. All of these are correct

A

E. all of these are correct

31
Q

Which of the following disorders and hormonal imbalances is correctly matched?
A. Diabetes insipidus: decreased insulin response
B. acromegaly: excessive hGH secretion after epiphyte all plates close
C. Diabetes mellitus: decreased ADH secretion
D. Pheochromocytoma: excessive thyroid hormone production
E. cretinism: excessive cortisol production

A

B. acromegaly: excessive hGH secretion after epiphyseal plates close

32
Q

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is
A. Pancreatic (B) cell destruction
B. lack of insulin receptors
C. Lack of exercise and chronic overeating
D. Pancreatic (a) cell destruction
E. Impaired glucose transport into cells

A

E. impaired glucose transport into cells

33
Q 
Which of the following manifestations would you not expect to observe in a person suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. Glycosuria
B. decreased appetite
C. Hyperglycaemia
D. Increased thirst
E. polyuria
A

B. decreased appetite

34
Q

Soon after a meal rich in carbohydrates, the concentration of glucose in the blood vessels leading to and from the liver was measured. Which of the following would be correct?
A. The glucose content of the blood entering and leaving the liver would be much greater than normal
B. the glucose content of the blood entering the liver would be higher and the blood leaving the liver would contain much less glucose than normal
C. The glucose content of blood leaving the liver remains about the same but there would be a greater glucose content of blood entering the liver.
D. The glucose content of blood entering and leaving the liver remains fairly constant and is not affected by a meal of carbohydrates
E. none of the above

A

B. the glucose content of the blood entering the liver would be higher and the blood leaving the liver would contain much less glucose than normal

35
Q

Symptoms of hypoglycaemia include:
A. Hunger, mental confusion and diaphoresis
B. flushed skin and dehydration
C. Rapid respirations and fruity smelling breath
D. Tachycardia and polyuria
E. all of the above

A

A. Hunger, mental confusion, and diaphoresis

36
Q

The signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia reflect the fact that:
A. Muscle cells need glucose for normal function
B. glucose is the only source of energy for nervous tissue
C. Hypoglycaemia decreases cerebral blood flow
D. Hypoglycaemia inhibits the release of counter regulatory hormones such as the catecholamines
E. all of the above

A

B. glucose is the only source of energy for nervous tissue

37
Q 
If you knew a person was suffering from an overdose of insulin, the best remedial step would be to give the person
A. Unsweetened tea
B. large amounts of cold water
C. A saline solution drink
D. A non-diet soft drink
E. none of the above
A

D. A non-dirt soft drink

38
Q

A characteristic common to all hormones is that they:
A. Exert their effects b altering the rate of a body reaction
B. are secreted at a uniform rate
C. Must be produced in large quantities to exert their effects
D. Always exert their actions at the site of secretion
E. none of the above

A

A. Exert their effects by altering the rate of a body reaction

39
Q

Hormones reach their target organs by:
A. Travelling through the bloodstream
B. paracrine mechanisms in which they act locally on cells other than those that produced the hormone
C. Autocrine action in which they regulate the action of the cell producing the hormone
D. All of the above mechanisms
E. none of the above mechanisms

A

A. Travelling through the bloodstream

40
Q

The chemical mediators of the endocrine system must bind to ________ on target cells before they can initiate changes in those cells

A

Receptors

41
Q

The chemical mediators used by the endocrine system are called ________

A

Hormones

42
Q

___________ glands secrete small amounts of chemical mediators into the interstitial fluid; other glands secrete products directly into ducts

A

Endocrine

43
Q

The electrolyte critical for thyroid hormone synthesis is ________.

A

Iodine

44
Q

_________ also known as islets of Langerhans, are the endocrine tissues of the pancreas

A

Pancreatic islets

45
Q

Hormones, such as insulin and glucagon, which have opposing effects are described as ________.

A

Antagonistic

46
Q

Glucagon is secreted by ________ cells of the islets of Langerhans

A

Alpha cells

47
Q

The adrenal ________ releases adrenalin (epinephrine) and noradrenalin (norepinephrine).

A

Medulla

48
Q

Hormones act on specific _______ tissues.

A

Target

49
Q

The hormone responsible for milk production is ______

A

Prolactin

NUR149 - Week 8 to Week (11 decks)

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