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MSK Week 3 > Gluteal and Posterior Thigh > Flashcards

Gluteal and Posterior Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

the hip bone is the fusion of what three bones?

A

ilium
ischium
pubis

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2
Q

where do the three bones of the hip fuse? what is the name?

A

hip socket…called the acetabulum

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3
Q

what is the name of the surface where the femur articulates in the hip joint/

A

lunate surface

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4
Q

what are the two bumps on the proximal portion of the femur?

A

greater and lesser trochanter

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5
Q

is greater or lessern trochanter more lateral?

A

greater

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6
Q

what attaches to the adductor tubercle at the distal medial femur?

A

hamstring portion of the adductor magnus

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7
Q

what is the linea aspera of the femur?

A

rough ridge located posteriorly on shaft of femur

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8
Q

what attaches to the gluteal tuberosity?

A

gluteus maximus

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9
Q

where is the intercondylar fossa? what attaches here?

A

between the femoral condyles…cruciate ligaments attach here

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10
Q

what lies on the anterior surface of the hip joint capsule?

A

a bursa that helps the iliopsoas muscle move

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11
Q

name the three ligaments of the hip joint

A

iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

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12
Q

what is the tissue that helps deepen the hip joint?

A

acetabular labrum

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13
Q

what does the acetabular labrum form on the inferior side of the lunate surface?

A

transverse acetabular ligament

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14
Q

what comes out of the transverse acetabular ligament that attaches to the femur?

A

ligament of the head

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15
Q

where does the ligament of the head attach to the femur?

A

femoral head at the fovea

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16
Q

what is within the ligament of the head?

A

artery of the head that feeds small part of femoral head

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17
Q

name the four arteries that serve the femoral head…which gives the most?

A

medial circumflex (most)
lateral circumflex
retinacular arteries
artery of the head

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18
Q

what do the retinacular arteries come from in the femoral head?

A

branches of the medial and lateral circumflex arteries

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19
Q

a femoral neck fracture is called what? and what is it at risk for?

A

hip fracture…at risk for avascular necrosis

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20
Q

what ligaments help the sacroiliac joints?

A

dorsal and ventral sacroiliac ligaments

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21
Q

other than the sacroiliac ligaments, what two ligaments help secure the sacrum to the hip bones?

A

sacrotuberous ligament

sacrospinous ligament

22
Q

name the five structures to know that pass through the greater sciatic foramen

A 
piriformis muscle
sciatic nerve
superior/inferior gluteal nerves/vessels
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve 
pudendal nerve
23
Q

what two structures pass through the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

pudendal nerve enters it to go to perineum

obturator internus tendon passes through it

24
Q

what is the actionof the gluteal maximus?

A

extend and laterally rotate the hip

25
Q

what innervates the gluteal maximus? nerve and roots

A

inferior gluteal nerve…L5S12

26
Q

name the three abductors of the hip

A

tensor fascia lata
gluteus minimus
gluteus medius

27
Q

what is the action of the gluteus medius and minimus?

A

hip abductors

28
Q

what nerve and roots innervate the gluteus medius and minimus?

A

superior gluteal nerve…L45S1

29
Q

what role do gluteal medius and minimus muscles play during walking?

A

when you are trying to swing one leg forward the other side uses the gluteus medius and minimus to stabilize the pelvis and hip

30
Q

what is the trendelenburg gait?

A

when you have weakened gluteus medius and minimus and when you walk the leg that you are standing on…that side sorta tumbles over to support the pelvis since your medius and minimus are weak

31
Q

name the five lateral rotators of the hip

A 
obturator internus
superior gemellus
inferior gemellus
quadratus femoris
piriformis
32
Q

name the five lateral rotators of the hip from superior to inferior

A 
piriformis
gemellus superior
obturator internus 
inferior gemellus 
quadratis femoris
33
Q

what lies on the anterior surface of the piriformis muscle?

A

sacral plexus

34
Q

what are the gemelli muscles?

A

pair of muscles that are lateral rotators of the hip

35
Q

what is the action of the obturator internus muscle?

A

lateral rotator of the hip

36
Q

what is the action of the quadratus femoris?

A

lateral rotator of the hip

37
Q

what nerve innervates the piriformis?

A

nerve to piriformis

38
Q

what nerve innervates the obturator internus?

A

nerve to obturator internus

39
Q

what nerve innervates the superior gemellus?

A

nerve to obturator internus

40
Q

what nerve innervates the inferior gemellus?

A

nerve to quadrator femoris

41
Q

what nerve innervates the quadratus femoris?

A

nerve to quadrator femoris

42
Q

name the three hamstring muscles

A

semitendinosus
semimembranous
biceps femoris

43
Q

what innervates the hamstring muscles?

A

sciatic nerve…L5S12

44
Q

name two actions of the hamstring

A

flex the knee and extend the hip

45
Q

name the two nerves within the sciatic nerve

A 
tibial nerve
common fibular (peroneal) nerve
46
Q

where does sciatic nerve usually exit the greater sciatic foramen?

A

inferior to the piriformis muscle

47
Q

in some exception cases where does the sciatic nerve exit the greater sciatic foramen? what are these people at risk for?

A

in the middle of the piriformis muscle…more common to get sciatica

48
Q

what causes a posterior hip dislocation?

A

usually a high velocity injury like a car accident

49
Q

what are three issues that can also arise with posterior hip dislocation?

A

fracture acetabulum
Avascular necrosis
sciatic nerve injury

50
Q

how does leg look with posterior hip dislocation?

A

shortened, adducted, flexed and INTERNALLY rotated

51
Q

what nerve gives sensory to posterior thigh?

A

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

52
Q

what are nerve roots of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve?

A

S123

MSK Week 3 (10 decks)

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