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msk week 3 > Foot > Flashcards

Foot Flashcards

1
Q

how many tarsal bones are there?

A

7

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2
Q

how many phalange bones are there in the foot?

A

14

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3
Q

name the 7 tarsal bones

A 
talus
calcaneus
cuboid
navicular
3 cuneiform
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4
Q

is the navicular or cuboid bone lateral?

A

cuboid is lateral and navicular is medial

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5
Q

what is the superior articular surface of the talus called?

A

trochlea

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6
Q

what does the head of the talus articulate with?

A

navicular

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7
Q

the neck of the talus has what in it? what are these for?

A

holes for arteries to vascularize the bone

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8
Q

what movement leads to talus bone fracture?

A

forced dorsiflexion of the foot

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9
Q

where do talus fractures commonly occur? what can this lead to? why?

A

neck of talus…leads to avascular necrosis because of the neck holding all the blood supply to the talus

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10
Q

the calcaneus articulates with what bone superiorly? wha is the joint called?

A

talus…called the subtalar joint

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11
Q

what bone does the calcaneous articulate with anteriorly/

A

cuboid bone

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12
Q

what tendon inserts on back of calcaneus?

A

achilles

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13
Q

on the medial side of the calcaneus what is there?

A

the sustentaculum tali

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14
Q

what is the function of the sustentaculum tali?

A

supports the head of the talus

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15
Q

what tendon runs under the sustentaculum tali?

A

flexor hallucis longus

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16
Q

when you fracture the heel bone what must you rule out?

A

lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae fractures

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17
Q

if you fracture the calcaneus…what can be involved that leads to long term poorer prognosis?

A

it can involve the subtalar joint…this often leads to severe arthritis

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18
Q

the fifth metatarsal has a what on the lateral side?

A

large tuberosity

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19
Q

what is the large tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal for?

A

insertion of the fibularis brevis

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20
Q

a bad ankle sprain can lead to a fracture of what foot bone? why?

A

fracture of the fifth metatarsal…because when sprain ankle the fibularis brevis will contract really hard and can break the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal

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21
Q

deep fascia on the base of the foot is called what?

A

plantar fascia

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22
Q

the thick central fascia of the plantar fascia in the foot is called what

A

plantar aponeurosis

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23
Q

what does the plantar aponeurosis help with?

A

the shape of the arch because it is really tight

24
Q

what divides the foot into compartments?

A

plantar aponeurosis

25
Q

name the four compartments of the foot

A

medial
lateral
central
interosseus

26
Q

what is the midline of the foot?

A

2nd toe

27
Q

name the four intrinsic muscles of the foot that the medial plantar nerve innervates

A

flexor digitorum brevis
abductor halucis
flexor hallucis brevis
1st medial lumbrical

28
Q

how many muscles are intrinsic to the foot?

A

18

29
Q

what nerve innervates 14 of the intrinsic foot muscles?

A

lateral plantar nerve

30
Q

what are the roots that innervate ALL intrinsic foot muscles?

A

S23

31
Q

the tibial nerve after passing through tarsal tunnel turns into what?

A

medial plantar nerve

lateral plantar nerve

32
Q

the medial plantar nerve then divides into what in the foot?

A

common and proper digital nerve

33
Q

median plantar nerve gives sensation to what digits?

A

medial 3.5 digits

34
Q

what does the lateral plantar nerve divide into?

A

deep and superficial nerve

35
Q

what does the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve do

A

innervate intrinsic foot muscles

36
Q

what does the superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve do?

A

sensation to lateral 1.5 digits

37
Q

the sural nerve gives sensory to what portion of the foot?

A

lateral side

38
Q

the saphenous nerve gives sensation to what part of the foot?

A

medial side

39
Q

the posterior tibial artery divides into what?

A

lateral and medial plantar arteries

40
Q

the medial plantar artery gives rise to what?

A

superficial and deep branches

41
Q

the medial plantar artery of the foot serves what toe?

A

big toe

42
Q

the lateral plantar artery gives rise to what?

A

deep plantar arch

43
Q

the deep plantar arch of the lateral plantar artery anastamoses with what?

A

deep plantar artery from the dorsalis pedis

44
Q

the deep arch of the lateral plantar artery gives rise to what two things?

A

plantar metatarsal arteries and the digital branches

45
Q

the lateral plantar artery feeds what toes?

A

2-5

46
Q

the subtalar joint allows for what two movements?

A

eversion and inversion of the foot

47
Q

what is the important ligament of the subtalar joint?

A

interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

48
Q

the subtalar needs help to lead to eversion and inversion…what other joint helps with it?

A

transverse tarsal joint

49
Q

the transverse tarsal joint is between what four bones

A

calcaneous articulates with cuboid

talus articulated with navicular

50
Q

what is the ligament that supports the transverse tarsal joint?

A

bifurcate ligament

51
Q

name the four muscles that help the integrity of the arch of the foot

A

tibialis posterior and anterior
fibularis longus
flexor hallucis longus

52
Q

name the ligaments that help the integrity of the arch

A

calcaneonavicular ligament
long plantar ligament
plantar aponeurosis

53
Q

where does calcaneonavicular ligament span from?

A

sustentaculum tali of calcaneus to the navicular bone

54
Q

where does long plantar ligament span from?

A

from calcaneus to cuboid

55
Q

plantat fasciitis is the inflammation of what part of the arch of the foot?

A

plantar aponeurosis and muscles arising from calcaneus

msk week 3 (10 decks)

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