Imaging of Bladder and Kidneys

Question 1

What is the most common clinical presentation for uirnary tract?

Answer 1

Hematuria - if the pt has hematuria, the kidneys, ureters and bladder are all connected so you may need to do imaging of the whole urinary system to evalulate

Question 2

Hematuria

• What are the different types?
• What are possible causes?
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Answer 2

Question 3

How does hematuria present / differ when a person has kidney stones compared to when they have cancer?

Answer 3

Question 4

What imaging modality is the gold standard for the urinary tract?

Answer 4

CT

Question 5

Noncontrast CT is used to image […]

Answer 5

Kidney stones

Question 6

What is the most sensitive imaging modality to detect cancer?

Answer 6

CT Urography

Question 7

When would you use MRI?

Answer 7

Used as a problem solver in renal masses but can’t visualize stones

Question 8

If a person is pregnant or a child, what imaging modality is best to use?

Answer 8

Ultrasound

Question 9

What must be done in all cases of suspected cancer b/c of low sensitivity in imaging in bladder cancer

Answer 9

Cytoscopy

Question 10

What are the pros and cons of CT imaging?

Answer 10

Question 11

What are the 3 types of CT that can be done?

Answer 11

Question 12

Why don’t you want to give contrast if you suspect kidney stones?

Answer 12

Contrast will turn kidneys and other organs white, can obscure visualization of stones

Question 13

Why can’t you give contrast in persons with eGFR < 25?

Answer 13

Risk of contrast induced nephropathy

Question 14

If contrast is given, what are the 2 phases that are possible to visualize?

Answer 14

Question 15

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Question 16

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Question 17

Compare/contrast the perirenal space and the anterior pararenal space.

Answer 17

Question 18

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Question 19

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Question 20

The ureters are […]peritoneal and anterior to the […] muscle

Answer 20

Question 21

Ureters are anterior to the […] muscle

Answer 21

Psoas

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

What blood vessels do the ureters cross / come near in the pelvis?

Answer 23

Question 24

The bladder is […]peritoneal and anterior to what structures?

Answer 24

Sub

In women: Uterus and rectum

In Men: Seminal vesicles, prostate and rectum

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

If you want to do an MRI to look at kidneys, what must yo do to the images in order to see kidneys?

Answer 26

Dampen fat –> make it appear black (T2 weighted)

Question 27

What are the reasons you would do ultrasound to look at urinary system instead of CT?

Answer 27

Pregnant

Child

Eval glomerulonephritis or eval renal cortex

Eval size and hydronephritis

Question 28

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Question 29

What is this ultrasound showing?

Answer 29

Question 30

What is a retrograde pyelogram?

Answer 30