Oral Cavity, Oropharynx, & Swallowing Flashcards

1
Q

What does the oral cavity consist of?

A

o Oral Vestibule: b/w lips and cheeks externally & b/w teeth and gingivae internally
o Oral Cavity Proper: internal to teeth and gingivae

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2
Q

What makes up the floor of the oral cavity?

A

Tongue and sublingual sulcus with support from the mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles

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3
Q

What makes up the roof of the oral cavity?

A

The palate which separates the oral and nasal cavities.

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4
Q

Where is the posterior boundary for the oral cavity?

A

The right and left palatoglossal arches and folds of mucous membrane raised over palatoglossus muscles

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5
Q

What is the sulcus terminalis?

A

a V-shaped groove separating the anterior two thirds of the tongue from the posterior third and containing the circumvallate papillae

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6
Q

Where does the body of the tongue meet up with the floor of the oral cavity?

A

At the lingual frenulum.

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7
Q

What is the lingual papillae?

A

It is found on the dorsal surface of the tongue and is projections of mucous membranes.

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8
Q

What are the fungiform papillae?

A

Scattered red dots among the filiform papillae

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9
Q

What are the vallate papillae?

A

They are a row of 8-12 flat cylindrical structures anterior and parallel to the sulcus terminalis

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10
Q

Where is the root of the tongue?

A

It is the posterior 1/3 off the tongue and is found in the oropharynx. There is no lingual papillae but it does have lymphoid nodules.

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11
Q

What is found on the inferior surface of the tongue?

A

Deep lingual veins for rapid re-absorption of drugs, as well as sublingual papillae.

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12
Q

Where does the anterior 2/3 of the tongue get its innervation from?

A

GSA from V3 and SVA from CN VII

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13
Q

Where does the posterior 1/3 of the tongue get its innervation from?

A

GVA and SVA from CN IX

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14
Q

Where does the root of the tongue and epiglottis get its innervation from?

A

SVA and GVA from CN X

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15
Q

What innervates the muscles of the tongue?

A

GSE from CN XII

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16
Q

What is the role of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Change the shape of the tongue.

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17
Q

What is the role of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

To change position and shape of the tongue.

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18
Q

What are the 4 extrinsic muscles and their functions?

A
  • Palatoglossus: vagus nerve- muscle of soft palate
  • Hyoglossus: ascending from hyoid; depresses tongue
  • Styloglossus: descends from styloid process; elevates and retracts the tongue
  • Genioglossus: origin from superior mental spine; protrudes tongue
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19
Q

What happens in a hypoglossal nerve lesion?

A

The protruded tongue will deviate to the side of the lesion.

20
Q

What happens when someone passes out and is laying supine?

A

relaxed genioglossus falls posteriorly and can lead to suffocation

21
Q

Where does the tongue get its blood supply from?

A

The lingual artery from the external carotid which branches into two arteries with the Deep lingual feeding the apex of the tongue and the sublingual feeding the sublingual sulcus.

22
Q

Where is the majority of the venous drainage of the tongue?

A

The deep lingual vein (found posterior on the underside of the tongue) joins with the sublingual veinand accompanies the hypoglossal nerve lateral to the hypoglossal muscle.
The dorsal lingual vein runs medial to the hypoglossal muscle

23
Q

What type of nerve fibers run through the submandibular ganglion?

A

Preganglionic Parasympathetic fibers from chorda tympani (VII)

24
Q

Where do the fibers go when they leave the submandibular ganglion?

A

Postganglionic Parasympathetic fibers go to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.

25
Q

What makes up the anterior 2/3 of the palate?

A

Incisive fossa (in anterior midline), greater palatine foramen (medial to each maxillary 3rd molar), lesser palatine foramen (pierces pyramidal process of the palatine bone)

26
Q

What makes up the posterior 1/3 of the palate?

A

Fibrous palatine aponeurosis, Uvula, and muscles of the soft palate.

27
Q

What are the muscles of the soft palate?

A
  • Levator veli paltini: elevates soft palate into contact with posterior pharyngeal wall
  • Tensor veli palatini- tenses soft palate and opens auditory tube
  • Palatoglossus- passes from soft palate into tongue; helps depress soft palate
  • Palatopharyngeus- elevates pharynx and pulls posterior wall anteriorly; can also help depress soft palate
  • Musculus uvulae- associated with uvula (imagine that)
28
Q

Where do the soft palate muscles get their innervation from?

A

All but the Tensor veli palatini get their innervation from the vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus. The Tensor Veli Palatini gets its innervation from the mandibular nerve

29
Q

Where does the palate get its sensory innervation from?

A

The maxillary nerve V2

30
Q

Where does the palate gets its blood supply from?

A

Mainly from the greater and lesser palatine arteries that branch from the maxillary artery.
superior side is from the facial and pharyngial

31
Q

Where is the musculofibrous tube in the pharynx?

A

Runs from the base of the skull to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

32
Q

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

33
Q

Where do you find the oropharynx

A

From the soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottis

34
Q

What is the lateral boarder of the oropharynx?

A

palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches in lateral walls. Between the folds is the palatine tonsils. The posterior 1/3 of tongue is the lingual tonsil

35
Q

What complications can occur during a tonsillectomy?

A

bleeding from tonsillar artery or paratonsillar vein OR injury to glossopharyngeal nerve

36
Q

What is a valleculae?

A

Depressions b/w tongue and epiglottis on either side of the median glossoepiglottic fold

37
Q

What makes up the wall of the pharynx from lateral to external?

A

o Mucous membrane- continuous w/ oral and nasal cavities, auditory tubes, and larynx
o Submucosa
o Muscular Layer
o Buccopharyngeal fascia

38
Q

What is often found in the retropharyngeal space?

A

This is a common site for infections to spread into the thorax and is often where you will find abscesses.

39
Q

What are the three external circular pharynx muscles?

A

Superficial pharyngeal constrictor, Middle pharyngeal constrictor, and Inferior pharyngeal constrictor (acts as upper esophageal sphincter).

40
Q

What are the three internal longitudinal pharynx muscles?

A

Stylopharyngeus, Salpingopharyngeus, and  Palatopharyngeus

41
Q

Where does the pharynx receive its innervation from?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerves do motor innervation.

and the Pharyngeal plexus.

42
Q

What makes up the pharyngeal plexus?

A

Glossopharyngeal – sensory
Vagus – motor
Superior cervical sympathetic ganglion – vasomotor

43
Q

What is the role of the epiglottic cartilage?

A

prevent entrance into larynx and trachea during swallowing

44
Q

What are the 3 stages of swallowing?

A
  • Stage 1: voluntary- bolus pressed against palate, pushed from mouth to oropharynx- muscles of tongue and soft palate- oral phase
  • Stage 2: involuntary and rapid- soft palate elevated, seals off nasopharynx, pharynx widens and shortens as suprahyoid and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles contract- elevate larynx- pharyngeal phase]
  • Stage 3: involuntary- sequential contraction of all 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles- forces food bolus into esophagus- propelled by peristalsis in stomach- esophageal phase
45
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

Difficulty swallowing, Usually a nerve or muscle problem. Generally occurs after a stroke, throat or mouth cancer, GERD, or neurological disorder.