Infective endocarditis

Question 1

■ Inflammation of endocardium. Infective and noninfective. Usually of heart valve. Characterized by vegetations that are made up of fibrin, platelets, and inflammatory cells

Answer 1

Infective endocarditis

Question 2

Difference of acute, subacute and non infective

Answer 2

Acutebacterialendocarditisrapidlydamagescardiacstructures,hematogenouslyseedsextracar-
diac sites, and may progress to death in a ew weeks.
■ Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) causes structural damage slowly, rarely causes metastatic
in ection, and is gradually progressive unless complicated by a major embolic event or ruptured
mycotic aneurysm.
■ Nonin ective endocarditis: Occurs on previously un damaged valves. hypercoagulable state. marantic endocarditis. Libman sacks endocarditis.

Question 3

Common with acute S. aureus endocarditis. Hematogenously seeded
focal infection. Apparent in up to 50% of patients.

Answer 3

Septic arterial emboli

Question 4

Painful, erythematous nodules most commonly found on the pads of the
fingers and toes of some patients with infective endocarditis.

Answer 4

Osler nodes

Question 5

Nontender,erythematous, and nodular lesions most commonly found on the palms and soles of some patients with infective endocarditis

Answer 5

Janeway lesion

Question 6

Small linear longitudinal subungual hemorrhage, initially red then brown.Middle third of nailbed in SBE

Answer 6

Splinter hemorrhages

Question 7

Small,nonblanching, reddish-brown macules. Occur on extremities, upper chest, mucous membranes

Answer 7

Petechial lesions

Question 8

White spot in the retina close to theopticdisk,o ensurroundedbyhemor- rhages; also seen in pernicious anemia and leukemia.

Answer 8

Roth spot

Question 9

Painful, hemorrhagic macules,papules,or nodules,usually acral locationn

Answer 9

Septic embolism

Question 10

Complications. Treatment

Answer 10

Complications: Congestive heart failure, stroke, other systemic embolizations, or septic pulmonary embolization. Aortic valve involvement has a higher risk of death or need or surgery

.Antibiotics