9

Question 1

Function of Carbohydrates

Answer 1

Energy

Question 2

Function of proteins

Answer 2

growth and repair

Question 3

Fats

Answer 3

For energy / makes membranes

Question 4

Functions of vitamins

Answer 4

In small amounts for cells to work properly

Question 5

Function of minerals

Answer 5

Small amounts to make body chemicals

Question 6

Functions of Fibre

Answer 6

Keep bowels working properly

Question 7

Water

Answer 7

For chem reactions.

Question 8

Function of the mouth

Answer 8

Food is chewed and mixes with saliva

Question 9

Oesophagus

Answer 9

Joins mouth to the stomach

Question 10

Stomach

Answer 10

‘bag with strong muscles’ food mixed with protease enzymes.

Question 11

Liver

Answer 11

Makes bile juice - neutralises acid

Question 12

Pancreas

Answer 12

Produces different enzymes and acids

Question 13

Small intestine

Answer 13

A long tube which completes digestion and absorbs nutrients from food.

Question 14

Large intestine

Answer 14

A long tube. Water is absorbed from food

Question 15

Rectum

Answer 15

Faeces are stores before leaving the body.

Question 16

Gall bladder

Answer 16

stores and concentrates bile salts before theyre secreted into the duodenum

Question 17

Specialisation of the mouth

Answer 17

TEETH
These chew - mech digestion

Tongue mixes food w saliva aiding chem digestion

Question 18

Oesophagus specialisation

Answer 18

contractions - peristalsis.

Question 19

Stomach specialisation

Answer 19

hydrochloric acid
enzyme pepsin

Question 20

Mechanical digestion

Answer 20

Breakdown large masses of food into smaller masses
- chewing with teeth and tongue
- bile salt

Question 21

Chemical digestion

Answer 21

Denaturing of proteins using acid baths (HCl)

Question 22

What type of molecule is broken into amino acids?

Answer 22

Proteins

Question 23

What happens in disaccharide deficiency?

Answer 23

• Intolerance to sugars
• Lack of lactase enzyme – unable to break down lactose into glucose and galactose.
• Bacteria in the gut break down lactose as it reaches the colon.
• The fermentation gases create unpleasant symptoms such as abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting.
• The altered osmotic potential of the colon prevent efficient reabsorption of water and causes diarrhoea

Question 24

Name the process by which substances such as amino acids move into the blood stream from small intestine

Answer 24

Diffusion

Question 25

How are villi adapted to make digestion more efficient

Answer 25

Large surface area Thin walls - shorter distance for molecules to travel into blood

Question 26

Do fats or carbs have more energy?

Answer 26

Carbs have 2x more energy per gram

Question 27

What happens after food is broken down?

Answer 27

Used in cell respiration to make ATP

Question 28

How is energy content in food worked out?

Answer 28

Volume of water x change in temp x 4.2 --------------------------------------------------------- Substance Mass

Question 29

What is BMI

Answer 29

Body mass Index

Question 29

Limitations of BMI

Answer 29

When muscle weighs more then fat Doesnt account for other tissues Doesnt measure fat around organs which is a sign of healthy weight.

Question 30

BMI rate of underweight

Answer 30

12-18.5

Question 31

Healthy BMI

Answer 31

18.5-25

Question 32

Overweight BMI

Answer 32

25.5-29

Question 33

Obese BMI

Answer 33

30-39

Question 34

two people with a mass of 90kg - one is seen as healthy - one is seen as obese why?

Answer 34

the obese persons BMI is higher, they are shorter meaning their mass is due to body fat and not bone/muscle.

Question 35

Sources of Carbs Role of carbs

Answer 35

Potato, rice, pasta Starch used as main substrate for cellular respiration to make Atp

Question 36

Sources of proteins Role

Answer 36

Red and white meat, fish, nuts Growth and repair of cells

Question 37

Source of Lipid Role

Answer 37

Cheese, yoghurt and chocolate Energy store, makes up cell membranes Cholesterol used to make steroids

Question 38

Vitamin ROLES AND SOURCE C A K B

Answer 38

C - citrus fruits : tissue growth and repair K - Green leafy veg : blood clotting A/B - dairy/fish/liver : maintains teeth/bones/skin/brain function

Question 39

Minerals Iron Calcium Phosphate

Answer 39

Iron - Red meats and green leafy veg : Haemaglobin for oxygen transport. Calcium : Milk Sun - Bone formation Phosphate : Processed meat and cola - ATP synthesis Sodium : Salt - Nervous system function Potassium : Fruit banana : NS function

Question 40

Water intake and what does it do

Answer 40

From food and drink Main bodily fluid

Question 41

Fibre intake and what it does

Answer 41

Vegetables and salads Allows bowels to work properly and prevents constipation

Question 42

Function of Pepsin

Answer 42

Breaks down proteins

Question 43

Function of trypsin

Answer 43

Digests proteins Small intestine

Question 44

How is the small intestine adapted for absorption

Answer 44

Large surface area Rich blood supply Short diffusion pathway