Biological Molecules 1.1

Question 1

What is a polymer?

Answer 1

Repeating monomer units.

Question 2

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 2

One glucose is a monosaccharide and multiple are polysaccharides.

Question 3

What is a protein?

Answer 3

Polymer of amino acids
Eg: Collagen
Insulin

Question 4

What is a nucleic acid?

Answer 4

Polymer of nucleotides
- DNA
- RNA

Question 5

Condensation

Answer 5

Creation of a covalent bond by elimination of a water molecule

Question 6

Hydrolysis

Answer 6

Broken bond as a result of addition of a water molecule

Question 7

Function of carbs

Answer 7

Energy store in plants
Energy store in animals
Mechanical support (cellulose)

Question 8

Examples of monosaccharides

Answer 8

Glucose
Maltose
Galactose

Question 9

Examples of disaccharides

Answer 9

Lactose
Maltose
Sucrose

Question 10

What is starch?

Answer 10

An energy store in plants made out of amylopectin and amylose which are both alpha glucose

Question 11

2 isomers of glucose & how to tell.

Answer 11

Alpha glucose and beta glucose.
Alpha glucose is H on top

Question 12

Alpha glucose + Alpha glucose

Answer 12

Maltose + Water

Question 13

Alpha glucose + galactose

Answer 13

Lactose + Water

Question 14

A glucose + fructose

Answer 14

Sucrose + Water

Question 15

Examples of polysaccharides

Answer 15

Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

Question 16

Test for starch

Answer 16

Amylose coils into a helix shape and traps blue/black iodine solution - this shows starch

Question 17

Why are starch and glycogen ideal energy stores

Answer 17

Compact
Insoluble
Large molecules

Question 18

Features of cellulose

Answer 18

Structural polysaccharide
Straight and unbranched
Form micro/macrofibrils, 1000s of H bonds making it strong and insoluble.

Question 19

Primary structure of protein

Answer 19

Sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chain

Question 20

Secondary structure of amino acids

Answer 20

Coiling and pleating of polypeptides

Question 21

Tertiary structure of protein

Answer 21

Overall 3D structure

Question 22

Quarternartery structure

Answer 22

Overall structure consists of more then 1 polypeptide chain

Question 23

Example of Lipid

Answer 23

Triglyceride

Question 24

Features of triglycerides

Answer 24

Good energy stores
1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids
Insoluble in water
Good energy stores

Question 25

Animal Fat

Answer 25

Single. Fat. Cat. Sat.

Question 26

Plant oils

Answer 26

C=C unsaturated

Question 27

What causes Gene mutations?

Answer 27

mutations are caused by spontaneous errors during DNA replication. And mutagenic agents which damage DNA

Question 28

What do mutagenic agents increase the rate of Examples

Answer 28

Gene mutations Radiation and toxic chemicals

Question 29

Silent effect gene mutation

Answer 29

Protein may function in the same way

Question 30

Mis-sense gene mutation

Answer 30

Protein may function differently

Question 31

Nonsense gene mutation 

Answer 31

Protein may not function at all