9 Flashcards
(25 cards)
(1)
division of fatty acids:
- sat: no __ ___, solid at room tempm, even ___ of ___ atoms
- unsat:
- monounsat: at least ___ 2x bond, better ___ & cis / trans
- polyunsat
2x bond, # of C atoms
at least 1 2x bond, better nutrition wise
state nomenclature (A:yn-x)
double bonds tend to ____
A = # of C
y = # of double bonds
n-x = position of C to first double from end not ester
__appear in cluster C in between
(2)
triaglycerols: purpose & structure
___ f.a attached to a ___ bkbone; connect via
a form of energy storage
major constituent in am.a
3 / glycerol / via ester
why is fat solid @ room temp and oil liquid @ roomp temp?
sat vs unsat packing?
Fat vs Oil: Solid vs Liquid
sat: tighlty packed, striated w/ many hydrophobic interactions
unsat: kink, disordered. can’t pack close _> tend tb fluid
trans fat can be: artifical or _natually occuring__
mostly artificial via hydrogenation
exgtend shelfline, industrial
OR
naturally occuring in daity ; by gut bacterias in anima;s
compare vs contract glycerophospholipid vs sphingolipid
sphingo can have 2 f.a / 1 / ceramide
(+) both in membrane
(-) glycero. has 2 f.a, glycerol, PO4, and choline
sphingolipid: replace ester w/ amide
can have sphygomyelin / sphingosine / ceramide
steroids
a hmn, ring syst
testos / estradiol/ choles
other lipids
prostaglandine E2
- retinol
- ecosanoids: ease pain & inflammation
what is amphiphilic lipids?
assoiciate in a lipid bylayer, driven by ___ (nonspon)
has a hydrophilic polar head outside + hydrophobic, np tail tucked inside
entropy
diffusion rate into bilayer is affected by:
__: hotter, faster
___ of chains
___ degree
___ concentration: affects rigidity of subst
temp
length
degree of unsat
choles
lateral diffusion can be:
- rapid
- rotate around the axis
- flexion of HC chains
w/ high temp, choles inhibits ___ ___ to stabilise it (prevent it from ____)
=> ___fluid
w/ low temp, ____ inbits lipid ___ to maintain some fluidity
=> __ fluid
lipid mvmnt -> less fluid
choles / packing -> more fluid
what is assym?
made up of ____
lipid bilayer & its content outside inside is assym: made up of lipid, protein carb
enzyme maintains assym by _____
=> energy is ___
transverse difffusion: flip lipid from top to bottom
+> energy is unfavourable bcs bypas the hydrophobic core
so lipids dont do this
transmembrain protein usually span as:
- __ (a single 1 has __ hydrophobic ama)
- __-___
- outside; inside
- stay within the membrane bcs of ___
- a-helices; 20
- b-he;lices
- outside, hydrophobic regions; inside, hydrophilic passageway
- hydrophobic side chains
T of F. transmembrane protein may diffuse freely within bilaer as long as not restricted by other protein. have less/more glycolipids in out than inner.
T. have more
functions of transmembrane protein:
___ & ___
receptors
___
anchors: for __ ___
transpoter and channels
enzymes
structural support
how does trasnporter and channels repond for faciliated transport?
transporter: have aspecific binding site, conform changes
channels: open pathway, select basedon size & charge
active vs passive transport
firstL energy input
second: none
maintain an electrochemical gradient
when move from high -> low c., cross a gradient (with or without) energy input -> energetically (un)favourable
without
energetically favourable
example of faciliated transport
glucose transporter: Na, use that to glucose
Na K ATPase: (against), use ATP
=> to maintain ___ ____ w// low Na inside
=> active or passive
glucose transporter: pumps extra glucose
Oh
(how how muscle contracs)
use action potential, Na+ channels, neurotransmitter, synmpatic vesicles
Action Potential down the axon -> Na_ channels open up
as Na+ passively floods inside, triggers release of neurotransmittor from synaptic vesicles
release into space & binds into muscle’s receptor
=> muscle contracts
c
can proteins move?
although rigid, proteins in bilayer can move except where’s restricted
