9/16 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Solute
Substance being dissolved
Solvent
Substance doing the dissolving
Solution
Mix of solute and solvent
Property of good solvent
Like dissolves like
Intramolecular bonds
Within the molecules
Intermolecular bond
Between the molecule
Hydrogen bonds
Attraction of hydrogen from one polar molecule to a highly electronegative atom of another polar molecule
Van der Waals attraction
Intermolecular attraction
Types of Van der Waals reactions
Dipole: attraction between polar molecule (hydrogen bonds)
Dispersion/London force: when you have a dipole moment (temporary polar)
Unsaturated solution
Solution is capable of dissolving more solute
Saturation solution
Solution is holding as much solute as able to be dissolved
Super saturated solution
Solution is containing more solute than maximumly possible
Enzymes
Protein that lowers the activation energy making a biochemical reactions go faster
Activation energy
Energy required to make a reaction start
Catalytic strategies
- acid/base
- covalent
- electrostatic
- proximity & orientation
Transition state
Highest energy point from start to end (very unstable)
Free E of activation
Determines how quickly reaction will go
Standard free energy change
Net change
What happens when reaction is catalyzed?
Transition state has a much lower energy, becomes more stable with the enzyme, and has a much lower activation energy
Actions that can occur by enzymes
Can break apart, build, add, or rearrange molecules
Hardness
Ionic=harder, covalent = less hard
Conductivity
Ionic=more
Covalent=less
Melting point
Ionic=slower
Covalent=faster
Capillary action
Polar=more
Non=less
